1. Introduction to Psychology

2.  Forensic Psychology: the intersection between psychology and the criminal justice system  Consulting law enforcement  Research and Statistical analysis  Providing expert witness testimony  Competency evaluations  Sanity evaluations  Sentencing recommendations

3.  Insanity: a legal term used to describe a scenario in which the individual should not be held accountable for his actions due to psychiatric illness or mental handicap  Different rules exist depending on jurisdiction  M'Naghten test: ▪ Defendant must have a severe mental illness ▪ Defendant must not have known right/wrong ▪ Defendant did not understand the nature or quality of his actions

4.  Just because someone has been diagnosed with a mental illness doesn’t mean they are legally “insane”  At trial, psychologists & psychiatrists may give expert testimony as to the defendant’s mental state – but sanity is ultimately determined by the judge or jury  Only 1 out of 1000 criminal cases plead “Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity” or NGRI  Out of those, roughly ¼ are successful defenses  Typically results in involuntary commitment  Mental illness may be considered as a mitigating factor instead of a defense  Reduced or differential sentencing

5.  Mass Murder  Murder of 4 or more people at the same location at the same time  Spree Murder  Murder of 2 of more people at different locations with no break in-between  Serial Murder  Murder of 2 or more people on separate occasions with a “cooling off” period in-between

6.  “Psychopath” is NOT a mental disorder as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  Psychopathology is a general term referring to the developmental trajectory and contributing factors of any number of mental disorders  What is commonly referred to as a “psychopath” is typically someone with a cluster of personality disorders and paraphilias

7.  Personality Disorders (Cluster B; DSM-V)  Antisocial Personality Disorder  Borderline Personality Disorder  Histrionic Personality Disorder  Narcissistic Personality Disorder

8.  Antisocial Personality Disorder  Begins in childhood as Conduct Disorder ▪ Cruelty to people or animals ▪ Destruction of property ▪ Deceitfulness or theft ▪ Violation of rules  Pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others (3 or more of the following) ▪ Failing to conform with social norms, laws ▪ Deceitfulness ▪ Impulsivity ▪ Irritability & aggression ▪ Reckless disregard for safety ▪ Consistent irresponsibility ▪ Lack of remorse

9.  Borderline Personality Disorder  A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects; marked impulsivity (5 or more of the following): ▪ Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment ▪ Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships ▪ Identity disturbance ▪ Impulsivity in at least two areas that are self-damaging ▪ Recurrent suicidal behavior ▪ Affective instability ▪ Chronic feelings of emptiness ▪ Inappropriate, intense anger ▪ Transient stress-related paranoia

10.  Histrionic Personality Disorder  Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking (5 or more of the following) ▪ Is uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the center of attention ▪ Interaction with others is often inappropriately sexually seductive or provocative ▪ Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions ▪ Consistently using physical appearance to draw attention to self ▪ Speech is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail ▪ Shows self-dramatization & theatricality ▪ Suggestible ▪ Considers relationships more intimate than they actually are

11.  Narcissistic Personality Disorder  Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy (5 or more of the following) ▪ Grandiose sense of self-importance ▪ Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, beauty, etc. ▪ Believes they are special and unique and can only be understood by other high-status people ▪ Requires excessive admiration ▪ Has a sense of entitlement ▪ Is interpersonally exploitive ▪ Lacks empathy ▪ Envious of others ▪ Arrogant

12.  Paraphilias: recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving 1) nonhuman objects, 2) suffering or humiliation, 3) children or nonconsenting persons.  Exhibitionism  Fetishism  Frotteurism  Pedophilia  Sexual Sadism & Sexual Masochism  Transvestic Fetishism  Voyeurism  Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) ▪ Necrophilia ▪ Partialism ▪ etc

13.  Jeffrey Dahmer  Abducted, raped, murdered, dismembered, and ate 17 men and boys  Attempted to create permanent, submissive, unresisting state in his victims by boring holes into their skulls and pouring acid on the brain  One young man managed to escape Dahmer’s apartment while still drugged  Police found the victim intoxicated – Dahmer convinced police his friend was high, and police returned the victim to Dahmer  Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder

14.  John Wayne Gacy Jr.  Prominent businessman and community volunteer ▪ Pogo the Clown  Raped and murdered 33 (confirmed) young men – 26 of which he buried in the crawlspace under his home  Several young men survived being raped and tortured by Gacy, but did not go to the police until Gacy was apprehended for murder several years later.  Diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder

15.  Ted Bundy  Kidnapped, raped, murdered over 30 girls and young women ▪ Revisited corpses repeatedly to groom them and perform sexual acts ▪ Decapitated 12 victims, keeping their severed heads in his home  Gained women’s trust through charisma and impersonating authority figures ▪ Even after his arrest, he got married during one of his later trials – the woman became pregnant during his incarceration  Several diagnoses were made: ▪ Antisocial Personality Disorder & Narcissistic Personality Disorder