1. Formation, Routing, and Maintenance Protocols for the BlueRing Scatternet of Bluetooths Formation, Routing, and Maintenance Protocols for the BlueRing Scatternet of Bluetooths Ting-Yu Lin, Yu-Chee Tseng, Keng-Ming Chang and Chun-Liang Tu Hawaii Int ’ l Conf. on System Sciences (HICSS), 2003. speaker ： Chi-Chih Wu

2. Outline Introduction Introduction The BlueRing Formation Protocol The BlueRing Formation Protocol The BlueRing Routing Protocol The BlueRing Routing Protocol The BlueRing Maintenance Protocol The BlueRing Maintenance Protocol Analysis and Simulation Results Analysis and Simulation Results Conclusions Conclusions

3. Review of Bluetooth Review of Bluetooth –Master –Slave –Piconet –Scatternet –Relay –Operational Modes Active Active Sniff Sniff Hold Hold Park Park –Frequency-Hopping Channel Introduction(1/3) 1 4 3 2 5 6 7

4. Introduction(2/3) BlueRing BlueRing –Scatternet Structure A Cycle of Piconets A Cycle of Piconets –Similar to the IEEE 802.5 token-ring –Bridge ： relay packets Sniff Sniff Hold Hold Park Park

5. Introduction(3/3) BlueRing BlueRing –BlueRing Architecture ’ s Features Stateless (no routing table) Stateless (no routing table) Scalable to median-size (50-70 devices) scatternet Scalable to median-size (50-70 devices) scatternet –Focuses of the Paper PAN (personal area network) PAN (personal area network) Indoor Indoor Low-power Low-power Low-complexity Low-complexity Short-range Short-range

6. The BlueRing Formation Protocol(1/3) Network Architecture Network Architecture –A Cycle of Piconets –Direction ： clock-wise –Upstream Piconet –Downstream Piconet –Upstream Bridge –Downstream Bridge –Assume that all Bluetooth devices are within the radio coverage of each other

7. 1 2 3 4 6 5 Inquiry ： P 4 Inquiry Scan ： 1-P 4 Inquiry ： P 2 Inquiry Scan ： 1-P 2 The BlueRing Formation Protocol(2/3) Initial Formation Initial Formation Inquiry ： P 1 Inquiry Scan ： 1-P 1 LEADER

8. The BlueRing Formation Protocol(3/3) Initial Formation Initial Formation MASTER 12 3 14 16 5 11 6 13 15 4 7 9 8 12 10 MASTER Leader

9. The BlueRing Routing Protocol(1/5) Packet Relaying Procedures Packet Relaying Procedures –Relay bit Packet needs to be Relayed Packet needs to be Relayed –Dirty bit Master touches packet Master touches packet –DA (dest BD_ADDR) –SA (source BD_ADDR) Access Code HeaderPayload Payload header Relay bit Dirty bit Payload (data) Payload header Relay bit Dirty bit DA(dest BD_ADDR) SA(source BD_ADDR) Payload (data) 11 1148 PACKET Single-hop communication multi-hop communication

10. The BlueRing Routing Protocol(2/5)

11. The BlueRing Routing Protocol(3/5)

12. The BlueRing Routing Protocol(4/5) ss dd Payload header 10ddss Payload (data) Payload header 11ddss Payload (data) Payload header 11ddss Payload (data) Payload header 11ddss Payload (data) Payload header 11ddss Payload (data) Payload header 01ddss Payload (data) relaydirtyDASA

13. The BlueRing Routing Protocol(5/5) Bridging Policy Bridging Policy –T b ： threshold value in a bridge –T m ： threshold value in a master –T out ： timeout value to switch piconet From Upstream to Downstream From Upstream to Downstream –Exceeds T b –T out expires From Downstream to Upstream From Downstream to Upstream –Buffered packets have been drained –Exceeds T m master birdge master Piconet B Piconet A

14. The BlueRing Maintenance Protocol(1/3) Single-Point Failure Single-Point Failure –A Control Bit Called Direction –Optional A List of Destination Addresses A List of Destination Addresses s d Payload header Rela y bit Dirty bit Direction bit DASA Payload (data)

15. The BlueRing Maintenance Protocol(2/3) Multi-Point Failure Multi-Point Failure –GIAC –DIAC 1 and DIAC 2 63 reserved DIACs 63 reserved DIACs –No two critical points fail simultaneously –Birdge Missing Birdge MissingBirdge Missing –Master Missing Master MissingMaster Missing –Piconet Splitting Piconet SplittingPiconet Splitting Split_request packet Split_request packet

16. The BlueRing Maintenance Protocol(2/3)

18. The BlueRing Maintenance Protocol(3/3)

19. Analysis and Simulation Results(1/8)

20. Analysis and Simulation Results(2/8)

21. Analysis and Simulation Results(3/8)

22. Analysis and Simulation Results(4/8)

23. Analysis and Simulation Results(5/8)

24. Analysis and Simulation Results(6/8)

25. Analysis and Simulation Results(7/8)

26. Analysis and Simulation Results(8/8)

27. Conclusions Future Works Future Works –Analyzing the fault tolerance –Devise mechanisms to deal with more than one simultaneous failure –A real implementation of BlueRing

28. Discussions Routing Hops Routing Hops –Clock-wise Direction Relay Procedure Relay Procedure –Qos Initial Formation Initial Formation –Leader –Master Maintenance Protocol Maintenance Protocol