2. Standard SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. Element a. Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka. e. Explain how the geography of the Indian Subcontinent contributed to the movement of people and ideas.

3. Maurya Empire Head of a Buddha, Gupta period, 6th century.

4. Gupta Dynasty Re-Unites India (Classical India) 375-550 CE OVERVIEW: Founded by: Chandra Gupta Peaceful great traders strong art, science and mathematics Hinduism dominated The Gupta had strong central govt which allowed a degree of local control

5. The Golden Age of the Guptas Ruled from 320 BC- 550AD Was the Golden Age Power was in the hands of individual villages and city governments Governments elected by merchants and artisans

6. Gupta Economy owned gold mines, silver mines, and vast lands. rent money from farmers funded government (govt owned the land) Silk Road served Gupta, Han, Rome and Persia Dynasties

7. Gupta Empire Artisans Produced: Cotton Cloth Pottery Metal ware for local markets to export to: East Africa The Middle East Southeast Asia Buddhist landscapes

8. Trade/Economy Agricultural economy New canals and irrigation systems for trade and agriculture. renovated major roads throughout India. built towns for spinning & weaving textiles uniform system of currency, weights and measures Silver punch mark coin

9. Trade/Economy Governors ruled provinces = taxes and law enforcement Taxes = rose over time to build Ashoka’s projects These led to Empire’s fall when he died Increased trade by uniting India India traded silk, cotton, and spices to Mesopotamia, China, Egypt and Rome Silver punch mark coin

10. Religion Buddhism grows built thousands of: Stupas for Buddhist followers. Buddhist schools and universities Animal hospitals the unnecessary eating of animals was abolished. Protected wildlife first national parks in the world promoted vegetarianism

11. The Sanchi Stupa (Buddhist temple) by Ashoka

12. Learning in Gupta Empire Religious schools in Hindu and Buddhist centers learning not limited to religion and philosophy Large Buddhist Monastery at Nalanda taught: Mathematics Medicine Physics Languages Literature Other Subjects Bilingual edict in (Greek and Aramaic) by king Ashoka

13. Gupta Math/Science Invented numbers 1-9 Base 10 decimal system pi Zero Charted planets and star movements recognized Earth is round rotates on its axis revolves around sun. Indian physicians excelled in medicines, caesarean section, bone setting, and skin grafting, smallpox vaccination

14. Gupta social life VERY wealthy civilization slave labor Hinduism became more organized & temples became more important. Women lost rights compared to under Buddhism Child marriage became common for girls HINDUSIM returns as dominant religion

15. Architecture & Carvings in Gupta Empire Built stone temples sponsored by Rajahs Hindu temples designed to reflect cosmic patterns The ideal shape = square within a circle covered in carvings Buddhists Stupas – Rings with enclosed walkways where monks would pray Plain stupas - Gateways were elaborate

16. Gupta Buddhist Art AJANTA CAVES depict the stories of Buddhism spanning from the period from 200 bce to 650 ce.

17. . AJANTA CAVES During the 4 th century c.e. Buddhist monasteries and prayer halls. twenty-nine caves adorned with elaborate painting and sculptures

18. Ajanta Caves Built by Buddhist monks using simple tools like hammer & chisel. The elaborate and exquisite sculptures and paintings depict stories from Jataka tales. (stories of moral conduct and good behavior) The caves also house images of nymphs and princesses.