1. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 1 Compiling the Program

2. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 2 Compiling the Program To compile a java program, execute the compiler, javac, specifying the name of the source file on the command line Eg If the file name is POPO.JAVA C:\>javac popo.java The javac compiler creates a file called popo.class that contains the bytecode version of the program. The Java bytecode is the intermediate representation of the program that contains instructions the Java interpreter will execute. Thus, the output of javac is not code that can be directly executed. To actually run the program, must use the Java interpreter, called java. To do so, pass the class name POPO as a command-line argument, as shown here: C:\>java POPO

3. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 3 Compiling the Program When Java source code is compiled, each individual class is put into its own output file named after the class and using the.class extension. This is why it is a good idea to give your Java source files the same name as the class they contain—the name of the source file will match the name of the.class file. When you execute the Java interpreter as just shown, you are actually specifying the name of the class that you want the interpreter to execute. It will automatically search for a file by that name that has the.class extension. If it finds the file, it will execute the code contained in the specified class.

4. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 4 Compiling the Program Eg Prog class popo { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("Hello popo"); }

5. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 5 Compiling the Program public static void main(String args[]) { This line begins the main( ) method. This is the line at which the program will begin executing. All Java applications begin execution by calling main( ). The public keyword is an access specifier, which allows the programmer to control the visibility of class members. When a class member is preceded by public, then that member may be accessed by code outside the class in which it is declared. In this case, main( ) must be declared as public, since it must be called by code outside of its class when the program is started.

6. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 6 Compiling the Program The keyword static allows main( ) to be called without having to instantiate a particular instance of the class. This is necessary since main( ) is called by the Java interpreter before any objects are made. The keyword void simply tells the compiler that main( ) does not return a value. As stated, main( ) is the method called when a Java application begins. Java is case-sensitive.

7. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 7 Compiling the Program Any information that need to pass to a method is received by variables specified within the set of parentheses that follow the name of the method. These variables are called parameters. If there are no parameters required for a given method, still need to include the empty parentheses. In main( ), there is only one parameter, String args[ ] declares a parameter named args, which is an array of instances of the class String. In this case, args receives any command-line arguments present when the program is executed.

8. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 8 Compiling the Program Eg Prog class popo { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("Hello popo"); }

9. CSI 3125, Preliminaries, page 9 Compiling the Program