1. TERMS OF REFERENCE If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt)

2. Terms of Reference TERMS OF REFERENCE

3. Like an apple Like a loaf of bread Like a hamburger (horizon)

4. Central Sulcus Lateral Fissure LATERAL VIEW

5. 8. Ventrolateral frontal cortex (aka lateral orbitofrontal cortex) 10. Lateral fissure, superior temporal gyrus, 13. Amygdala lies below the cortex 5 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex _________ VIEW

6. DORSAL VIEW

7. VENTRAL VIEW

8. _Ventral__ VIEW Locate: Orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex Temporal pole

10. Localize: Anterior Cingulate gyrus corpus callosum, Ventro medial prefrontal cortex, midfrontal cortex

11. Amygdala, Coronal view

12. Amygdala, horizontal cut, dissection

13. The Reward System: Activities of survival (sex, feed) activate the reward system Drugs of abuse similarly activate the reward system Dopamine Electrical stimulation of the reward system is also addictive

14. Electrical intracranial self-stimulation Olds & Milner (1954) The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven. (Satan, in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, book 1, ll. 254–5) Quoted by R. Cardinal VTA n. accumbens stimulation dopamine

15. Neuroimaging of face, bird and car experts “Face Experts” Fusiform Gyrus Fusiform Gyrus Car Experts Bird Experts Fusiform Gyrus Gauthier et al., 2000 Cars-ObjectsBirds-Objects

16. Control Group Autism Group Hypoactivation of fusiform face area Schultz, et al. 2000 Faces Fusiform Gyrus Fusiform Gyrus Children with autism as face “novices”