1. Ch. 11 Ancient Africa The Chapter Heading takes you to a link that will show you the areas we will discuss in this chapter. We will discuss the kingdoms of Songhai, Ghana, and Mali. We will also study the geography of Africa.

2. Africa Geography Map of Africa

3. Discussion Question What effect did Muslims have on the history of Ancient Africa?

4. Vocabulary Make sure you know your key terms from sections 1, 2 and 3. Laws of Supply and Demand will be covered in Section 2 under the gold and salt trade.

5. Section 1: Africa and the Bantu Descendants number more than 200 million. They migrated across most of Africa south of the Equator. Look at the Bantu migrations on pg. 313.

6. Africa’s Physical Geography Look on pg. 311 for the vegetation map of Africa. Savannas are located just south of the Sahara Desert. Much of Africa is savannahs and deserts.

7. The Sahara is the largest desert located in North Africa. The Kalahari Desert is located in Southern Africa. Africa’s rain forest are located where in Africa?

8. Bantu Migrations Historians have difficulty piecing together part of the Bantu’s history due to the area they traveled. South of the Sahara is called Sub-Saharan Africa and due to the moisture and tropical nature of the area, artifacts do not remain.

9. Why is this area called Sub-Saharan? Why do you think artifacts can’t be found? -------------------------------------------------------

10. Bantu Migrations The early Bantu speaking people were fishers, farmers and herders. How did each generation of Bantu migrate to new lands? What were they looking for? Write your answer below. _______________________________

11. 3 Kingdoms of West Africa The three kingdoms of West Africa were… You will need to know about each of these kingdoms…

12. Section 2: Kingdoms of West Africa What did you learn about Mansa Musa, the King of Mali? What was his kingdom like and where was it located? Mansa Musa, King of Mali

13. Mansa Musa Make sure you have notes about the location of Mali. What made the kingdom rich? What they traded…

14. Salt and Gold Trade Salt and gold trade… Where was salt plentiful? What do we use salt for? Where was gold plentiful? Did they have a supply of salt? _________________________________ __________________________________

15. Supply and Demand Vocabulary… The quantity of some goods, products or resources.

16. Supply and Demand Vocab. Con’t. The desire for a particular item

17. Laws of Supply and Demand According to the rule of supply and demand, items that are plentiful in supply do not have a high value. Meaning, they do not cost much.

18. Laws of Supply and Demand Items that are scarce, are high in value. Scarce means, they are somewhat rare or hard to find.

19. First Kingdom of West Africa Ghana was the first kingdom of West Africa. Ghana What was the capital? How was the city divided? Which Kingdom took over Ghana?

20. Mali Mali was the second kingdom in West Africa. Who was the leader of Mali? What did they trade? Mansa Musa used ties with the Muslims for what? Mali Mali became the most powerful kingdom in West Africa under Mansu Musa.

21. Songhai Kingdom of Songhai What did this Kingdom control? Songhai What eventually destroyed the kingdom of Songhai? This ended the era of rich and powerful trading empires in West Africa.

22. Section 3:East Africa’s Great Trading Centers Port Cities of East Africa traded with the following countries: ___________ ____________ and _____________. What was the name of the port? What items were traded?

23. Ibn Battutah How did Kilwa become rich? Have we heard that before? Who was Ibn Battutah? Why do you think he was important to historians? Turn to pages 316-317 and let’s refer to Using Reliable Sources. This will be on the test- make sure you know this skill.

24. Ancient Ethiopia By 1 A.D. the city of Aksum located in present-day Ethiopia, was an important East African center of trade. Aksum was located inland almost 100 miles, but they still controlled the trade at the port of Adulis, along the Red Sea. Aksum traded with places as far away as India.

25. Aksum, a Christian city King Azana of Aksum learned about _______________ and soon that was the official religion of Aksum. Aksum, continued to have control of trade routes linking Africa with Europe and Asia.

26. Aksum The Muslims fought the people of Aksum in the 600s for control of the Red Sea trade routes. Eventually the Muslims conquered the coastal ports. What did the Muslim conquest do?

27. Ethiopia Many neighboring lands around Ethiopia remained Christian. What did the Christians do since they were geographically cut off from other Christians? (how did they worship?)

28. Swahilli The merchants of Kilwa traded goods from inland Africa with other countries. Contact between Africans and Arabs in Kilwa and other coastal city-states led to a new culture and language called Swahilli. Much of the gold traded at Kilwa came from ______________. Which country took over and looted Kilwa?