1. Becoming a World Power 1898-1917

2. U.S. Looks Outward
Protestant Missionaries
Businessmen
Imperialists

3. Protestant Missionaries
Focused mainly on China
Christian duty
“Civilizing”

4. Businessmen Exports of American manufactured goods rise after 1880
American tobacco sold 1 billion cigarettes to China
James J. Hill
Frederick Jackson Turner
“The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
Senator Albert Beveridge

6. Imperialists
U.S. should be imperial nation like Britain, France, Germany, and Russia
Alfred Thayer Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890)
“Big navy” policy
Samoa and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani
“Jingoism“
War and imperialism attempt to revive frontier

7. The Spanish-American War
Cuban Revolution (1895)
Valeriano Weyler
“Yellow journalism"
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
de Lôme letter
Maine
Teller Amendment

8. “A Splendid Little War”
Main reason for U.S. victory was naval superiority
American soldiers were racist towards Cubans and refused to work with them
George Dewey
Manila
Theodore Roosevelt and the "Rough Riders"
Kettle Hill and Negro Infantry
San Juan Hill
Spanish Atlantic fleet destroyed, Spain surrenders
Treaty of Paris, 1898
U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
U.S. pays $20 million

9. The United States Becomes a World Power
McKinley casts his lot with imperialists
Hawaiian annexation (1898)
Lands gained from Spain colonies not territories
Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo

10. The Debate over the Treaty of Paris
Anti-Imperialist League
William Jennings Bryan and southern and western democrats
Against proposed acquisition of Philippines
An assault on Filipinos’ rights
Businessmen and laborers feared competition from Philippines
Maintaining outposts more expensive than economic benefit
Racist motives not to contaminate America
Filipinos revolt, Anti-Imperialists lose

11. The American-Filipino War
4 years of fighting between U.S. soldiers and Filipino rebels
Were American actions in Philippines any different than those of Spain in Cuba?

12. Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico
Platt Amendment
Foraker Act (1900)
Unincorporated territory
Insular cases: "Does the Constitution follow the flag?"
Caribbean becoming an “American Mediterranean”

13. China and the “Open Door”
Other countries controlled China’s trade through spheres of influence
John Hay
“Open Door" policy
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
2nd Open Door notes

14. Theodore Roosevelt, Geopolitician
Driving force in U.S. foreign policy
Roosevelt believed the nation, like an individual, must strive for greatness
Americans were racially superior and destined for supremacy in economic and political affairs
Shrewd analyst of international affairs
No patience for small countries’ claims to sovereignty or human rights of weak peoples
Latin America, Africa, Asia (except Japan) were inferior

15. The Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Venezuela
Dominican Republic
Roosevelt’s interventions concerned with stability not democratic institutions or social justice

16. The Panama Canal
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901): gave U.S. right to build and fortify a canal
Philippe Bunau-Varilla: engineer
Panamanian revolt and the U.S.S. Nashville
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
“The treaty which no Panamanian signed”
Building canal impressive test of American ingenuity and willpower
Strategic importance of canal increased U.S. determination to preserve order in Central America

17. Keeping the Peace in East Asia
Russo-Japanese War ( )
Treaty of Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1905)
Root-Takahira Agreement (1908); Japan and U.S. would respect each other’s holdings and the Open Door Policy
“Gentlemen's Agreement" (1907)
“Great White Fleet

18. William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat
“Dollar diplomacy”
Substitute “dollars for bullets”
Nicaragua

19. U.S. Global Investments and Investments in Latin America, 1914

20. Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist
Wilson intervened in Caribbean more than any President before
Wilson more concerned with morality and justice than Taft or Roosevelt
Mexican Revolution: Wilson hopes for democracy
Victoriano Huerta
Venustiano Carranza and Francisco "Pancho" Villa
John Pershing

21. Conclusion Dramatic turns in U.S. foreign policy
Control of Western Hemisphere
Moved military and economic power into Asia
Peoples of Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba were regarded as inferior and denied right to govern themselves