1. BY: KELLI HENDERSON JUNE 3, 2013 Basic Internet Concepts

2. History of the Internet The Internet was developed by a four month Defense Department contract that cost $19,800 on December 6, 1967. From this study, ARPANET was developed which turned into the Internet. The work that led to working on communication technologies was because of the United States government response to the Soviet Union in 1957 because of Sputnik. The goal was to link information between different education and research institutions across the United States. ARPANET connected computers at Stanford, UCLA, UC – Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. In 1987, the National Science Foundation took over the funding of ARPANET and then built a T1 line to connect the 5 supercomputers of the Nation together. This new and faster TI line became what is known as the Internet. The first formally sanctioned commercial email carriers were connected to the Internet in 1988 and the first public dial- up occurred in 1989. Reference Federal Communications Commission (November 21, 2005). Communications History: Something to share. Retrieved from http://transition.fcc.gov/omd/history/internet/something2share.html

3. URLs URL stands for Uniform Resource Locater A URL is the address to a particular resource located on the Internet A URL is made up of a protocol identifier and a resource name example: http://troy.edu Protocol identifier Resource name A colon and two forward slashes separate the protocol identifier from the resource name The resource name contains a host name, filename, Port Number, and Reference. The host name and filename are required but the port number and reference are optional. Reference Oracle (2013). What is a URL? Retrieved from http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/networking/urls/definition.html

4. Navigation Techniques The Navigation system is an important part of being able to find information on a website. Some of the different techniques include: Horizontal Navigation Vertical Navigation Drop-down Menus Tabbed Navigation Breadcrumb Navigation Guided Navigation Tags Navigation Search Navigation Footer Navigation Sitemap Reference Michael, John (2011, June 30). Popular methods of website navigation. Inspired Mag online. Retrieved from http://inspiredm.com/popular-methods-of-website-navigation/

5. Search Engines Search engines are computer programs that a person can enter search criteria and be given a list of websites that have the information they are looking for. Examples of search engines are google, bing, and yahoo Reference Search engine (n.d.). In dictionary.com. Retrieved at http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/search+engine?s=t

6. Bookmarks, Favorites, Online organizers Bookmarks, Favorites, and Online organizers are tools to aid in using the Internet. A bookmark is defined by Merriam Webster as “a menu entry or icon on a computer that is usually created by the user and that serves as a shortcut to a previously viewed location (as an Internet site)” (merriam-webster.com) Favorites are another term for bookmarks. They allow the person to save a site to refer back to so it can be found at a later time (Boswell). An example of the favorites icon in Internet Explorer Online organizers are Internet based programs that allow for the person to manage all of their information – like their calendars and contacts. Reference Bookmark (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster online. Retrieved from: http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/bookmarkhttp://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/bookmark Boswell, Wendy (n.d.). Internet Explorer favorites 101. Retrieved from http://websearch.about.com/od/internetresearch/a/favorites.htm

7. Evaluation of Websites Just because something is posted on the Internet, does not mean it is a fact. One must evaluate the websites they are reviewing to determine if the information posted is accurate. The UC Berkeley Library created an 8 point evaluation checklist: What does the URL tell you? Who is the author? Are they of qualified authority? Is it current or dated? Is the information that is cited authentic? Does the source have integrity and reliability? Can you determine a bias? Could the website be ironic? If you have questions about the website, how do you solve them? Jim Kapoon listed the five criteria for evaluating websites to be accuracy, authority, currency, objectivity, and coverage. Reference Engle, Michael (2012, September 19). Evaluating web sites: Criteria and tools. Retrieved from: http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/webeval.html

8. Troubleshooting The Internet can be frustrating when it is not working correctly. Many issues can arise from slow Internet connections. Slow or no Internet connection can be caused by incorrect broadband router settings, interference with the wireless connection, or other technical issues. -Incorrect broadband router issues A problem with the broadband router can be caused if the MTU setting is too high or too low because it can cause performance issues. Router setting needs to be set the same as the manufacturer’s and the Internet Service Provider recommendations. -Wireless Signal Interference -Internet Worms -Running Background Applications -Faulty Network Equipment -Service Provider Issues Reference Mitchell, Bradley (n.d.) Tips for troubleshooting slow home internet connections. Retrieved from: http://compnetworking.about.com/od/speedtests/tp/slow-network-connections.htm

9. Problems and Pitfalls 5 of the Current Pitfalls for Internet Usage 1.Accessing sites with inappropriate material 2.Safety and privacy issues 3.Fraud on the Internet 4.Computer Viruses and Hacking 5.Copyright and plagiarism issues Reference Roblyer, M.D., & Doering, A.H. (2010 ). Current pitfalls in internet use. In Integrating educational technology into teaching. Pearson Education Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.education.com/reference/article/current-pitfalls- internet-use/?page=3