1. Unit three scientific discoveries

2. What is science? Science gives us a way to investigate and understand the natural world, a methodology that can lead to wonderful discoveries Science gives us a way to investigate and understand the natural world, a methodology that can lead to wonderful discoveries. Often, great discoveries are made piece by piece over a period of time and involve the contributions of several people such as professional researchers and scientists.. Often, great discoveries are made piece by piece over a period of time and involve the contributions of several people such as professional researchers and scientists.

3. What steps do most of the scientists do to draw conclusions? Observation Observation Deduction Deduction hypothesis hypothesis experimentation experimentation

4. Do you think that these scientific discoveries have an importance on our modern age? Scientific discoveries have contributed so significantly to the wonders of our modern world by making almost every field of our life easier. Scientific discoveries have contributed so significantly to the wonders of our modern world by making almost every field of our life easier.

5. Research work In groups, choose a famous invention you want to know more about. Then find answers for the following questions: In groups, choose a famous invention you want to know more about. Then find answers for the following questions: What is the invention? What is the invention? Who invented it? Who invented it? When was this invented? When was this invented? How does this invention help people? How does this invention help people? Why was this invented? Why was this invented? How your life would be different without it? How your life would be different without it? (due for presentation at the end of the unit)

6. The main objectives are: Present your work as groups to the class. Present your work as groups to the class. Fill in the given chart with your group from information presented. Fill in the given chart with your group from information presented. Write a well-organized essay about one of the presented inventions showing its advantages and disadvantages. Write a well-organized essay about one of the presented inventions showing its advantages and disadvantages. ( as H.W. to be delivered in the next period)

8. x-rays X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen This new form of radiation that allowed him to photograph objects that were hidden behind opaque shields. This new form of radiation that allowed him to photograph objects that were hidden behind opaque shields. X-rays were soon used as an important diagnostic tool in medicine. X-rays were soon used as an important diagnostic tool in medicine. X-rays

9. ADVANTAGES - X-rays can be used to produce an image of any body part. - It is also available as a portable x-ray unit and can be used in hospital wards, operation theatres and ICU/emergency rooms - Less Costly than any other imaging modules (eg. MRI) ADVANTAGES - X-rays can be used to produce an image of any body part. - It is also available as a portable x-ray unit and can be used in hospital wards, operation theatres and ICU/emergency rooms - Less Costly than any other imaging modules (eg. MRI)

10. DISADVANTAGES - Amount of information obtained is often limited. - Exposure to ionizing radiation that is harmful to the human body. DISADVANTAGES - Amount of information obtained is often limited. - Exposure to ionizing radiation that is harmful to the human body.

12. The Development of Computers There are many major milestones in the history of computers, starting with 1936, when Konrad Zuse built the first freely programmable computer. There are many major milestones in the history of computers, starting with 1936, when Konrad Zuse built the first freely programmable computer. One of the most significant tools of the modern age is the electronic computer. Now everything can be done through a computer: banking, shopping, and even higher education. One of the most significant tools of the modern age is the electronic computer. Now everything can be done through a computer: banking, shopping, and even higher education.higher educationhigher education

13. To be used in Communication useful for data compression in the transmission of information, thus file transfer protocols on the internet. To be used in Communication useful for data compression in the transmission of information, thus file transfer protocols on the internet.

14. Alexander Fleming Penicillin Penicillin Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the first method of industrial production of penicillin in 1948. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the first method of industrial production of penicillin in 1948.

15. Suspicion that diseases were caused by unseen ’ seeds ’ or living organisms goes back to the mid-1500s when physicians began tracking epidemics of infectious diseases. Suspicion that diseases were caused by unseen ’ seeds ’ or living organisms goes back to the mid-1500s when physicians began tracking epidemics of infectious diseases. The experiments of Louis Pasteur in the mid-nineteenth century directly supported the germ theory of disease, and he is considered the father of germ theory and bacteriology The experiments of Louis Pasteur in the mid-nineteenth century directly supported the germ theory of disease, and he is considered the father of germ theory and bacteriologyLouis PasteurLouis Pasteur

16. Importance of medicine Impressive developments in medicine have allowed humanity to triumph over diseases caused by the smallest life forms on Earth. This has allowed us to live longer, healthier lives – the better to enjoy all the other fruits of scientific discovery and technological development! Impressive developments in medicine have allowed humanity to triumph over diseases caused by the smallest life forms on Earth. This has allowed us to live longer, healthier lives – the better to enjoy all the other fruits of scientific discovery and technological development!

17. Galileo Galilee

18. The rise of modern light microscope The microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. The microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy.instrumentmicroscopyinstrumentmicroscopy

19. The first microscope to be developed was the optical microscope, although the original inventor is not easy to identify. The first microscope to be developed was the optical microscope, although the original inventor is not easy to identify. An early microscope was made in 1590 in Middelburg, Netherlands. An early microscope was made in 1590 in Middelburg, Netherlands. MiddelburgNetherlands MiddelburgNetherlands Giovanni Faber coined the name microscope for Galileo Galilei's compound microscope in 1625 (Galileo had called it the "occhiolino" or "little eye"). Giovanni Faber coined the name microscope for Galileo Galilei's compound microscope in 1625 (Galileo had called it the "occhiolino" or "little eye"). Giovanni FaberGalileo Galilei Giovanni FaberGalileo Galilei

20. It was not until the 1660s and 1670s that the microscope was used extensively for research in Italy, Holland and England. Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs. It was not until the 1660s and 1670s that the microscope was used extensively for research in Italy, Holland and England. Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs. The greatest contribution came from Antoni van Leeuwenhoek who discovered red blood cells and spermatozoa and helped popularise microscopy as a technique. The greatest contribution came from Antoni van Leeuwenhoek who discovered red blood cells and spermatozoa and helped popularise microscopy as a technique.Antoni van LeeuwenhoekAntoni van Leeuwenhoek On 9 October 1676, Leeuwenhoek reported the discovery of micro-organisms On 9 October 1676, Leeuwenhoek reported the discovery of micro-organisms

21. LightningLightning is one of the most dramatic effects of electricity.. The Light BulbThe Light Bulb

22. Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge.electric chargeelectric charge In the year 1600, English physician William Gilbert conned the term electric, from the Greek elektron, to identify the force that certain substances exert when rubbed against each other. In the year 1600, English physician William Gilbert conned the term electric, from the Greek elektron, to identify the force that certain substances exert when rubbed against each other.

23. While many believe Benjamin Franklin to be the father of electricity, current findings seem to show otherwise. In 1752, Franklin is said to have performed the famous experiment of flying a kite during a thunderstorm, which led to the discovery that lightning and electricity were somehow related.. While many believe Benjamin Franklin to be the father of electricity, current findings seem to show otherwise. In 1752, Franklin is said to have performed the famous experiment of flying a kite during a thunderstorm, which led to the discovery that lightning and electricity were somehow related..thunderstormlightningthunderstormlightning

24. The Light Bulb The Light Bulb Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Alva Edison didn't "invent" the light bulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Alva Edison didn't "invent" the light bulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1809, Humphry Davy, an English chemist, invented the first electric light. In 1878, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, an English physicist, was the first person to invent a practical and longer- lasting electic light bulb (13.5 hours) with a carbon fiber filament. In 1809, Humphry Davy, an English chemist, invented the first electric light. In 1878, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, an English physicist, was the first person to invent a practical and longer- lasting electic light bulb (13.5 hours) with a carbon fiber filament. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented a carbon filament that burned for forty hours. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented a carbon filament that burned for forty hours.

25. The Invention of the Car

26. In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was invented by French mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. However, it was a steam-powered model. In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was invented by French mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. However, it was a steam-powered model. In 1885, Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. In 1885, Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine.

27. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler took the internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine and later built the world's first four- wheeled motor vehicle. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler took the internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine and later built the world's first four- wheeled motor vehicle.

28. Being one of the most significant inventions of the 1920s, the automobile drastically changed the lives of people for the better. It helped them in transportation. Being one of the most significant inventions of the 1920s, the automobile drastically changed the lives of people for the better. It helped them in transportation. Over the first few years of the 1920s, the automobile became a hit with everyone, especially young people who wanted freedom and excitement. Over the first few years of the 1920s, the automobile became a hit with everyone, especially young people who wanted freedom and excitement.

29. The automobile also helped in companies and industries. The automobile also helped in companies and industries. Many people found it hard to drive on the poor dirt roads and that cars required a lot of fuel (gas) to run. So nation wide road construction took place, which created even more jobs, and strengthened the economy even further. Many people found it hard to drive on the poor dirt roads and that cars required a lot of fuel (gas) to run. So nation wide road construction took place, which created even more jobs, and strengthened the economy even further.