1. Overview of Geologic Hazards From earth movement (earthquakes, mudflows, landslides, subsidence, expansive soils) From water movement ( coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From dangerous minerals (arsenic, asbestos, radon) From contaminated water (groundwater, surface water, distribution system water)

2. Magnitude and Frequency

3. Overview of Geologic Hazards From earth movement (earthquakes, mudflows, landslides, subsidence, expansive soils) From water movement ( coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From dangerous minerals (arsenic, asbestos, radon) From contaminated water (groundwater, surface water, distribution system water)

4. Earth Movement

5. Earthquakes

6. Earthquake Susceptibility: Risk is not evenly distributed

7. Earthquakes-- Frequency MagnitudeAcceleration# per year 8-91 7-818 6-7120 5-6800 4-56200 3-450,000 Ohio World-wide

8. Remediation 1.Construction: Building codes 2.Zoning: Avoiding loose fill 3.First-responder training

9. Volcanoes

10. Volcano Hazards -- Lahars

11. Lahars – magnitude (extent)

12. Lahars – magnitude (thickness)

13. Lahars – frequency

14. Landslides USGS estimates 25-50 fatalities per year $1.6 – 3.2 billion in direct and indirect losses per year

15. Landslide magnitude Cincinnati OH: remediation of landslides on public property 1974-1993Feet/yrDollars/yr Pier walls442 $457,780 Mt Adams1650$44,489,926

16. Landslide frequency Cinti OH: landslides on public property

17. Landslide frequency Cinti OH: landslides on public property

18. Remediation Pier walls - $1000 per lineal foot

19. Subsidence

20. LA sinkhole (salt dissolution )

21. Overview of Geologic Hazards From earth movement (earthquakes, mudflows, landslides, subsidence, expansive soils) From water movement ( coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From dangerous minerals (arsenic, asbestos, radon) From contaminated water (groundwater, surface water, distribution system water)

22. Coastal Flooding

23. Living in harm’s way – behind the levee

24. Storm moves 30 mph Wind speed 120 mph Net 150 mph Net 90 mph Hurricanes

25. Katrina20051836+ (Mississippi, Louisiana) Katrina2005$100 billion (Mississippi, Louisiana)

26. Property Damage Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes Cost refers to total estimated property damage RankHurricaneSeasonDamages, $billion 2 Ike2008 $29.5 1Katrina 2005 $108 4 Wilma2005 $21 7 Rita2005 $12 5 Ivan2004 $18.8 6 Charley2004 $15.1 8 Frances2004 $9.51 10 Jeanne2004 $7.66 9 Allison2001 $9 3 Andrew1992 $26.5 Source: NOAA[2]

27. Katrina: Fatalities > 1800

28. Levee design and construction inadequate

29. Geologic Changes – New Inlet

30. Hurricane Magnitude Saffir-Simpson scale IntensityWind speed mphStorm surge ft Category 174-954-5 Category 296 to 1106-8 Category 3111 to 1309-12 Category 4131-15513-18 Category 5> 155> 18

31. Hurricane Magnitude - Frequency Saffir-Simpson scale IntensityWind speed mphStorm surge ftNumber 1850-2005 Category 174-954-5 109 Category 296 to 1106-8 71 Category 3111 to 1309-12 74 Category 4131-15513-18 17 Category 5> 155> 18 3

32. Hurricane Frequency

34. Hurricane Cyclicity Long-term trend

35. Remediation 1.Building codes 2.Levees 3.Evacuation Evacuation

36. Inland Flooding --Cinti 1937 385 dead, one million homeless, $500 million in property damage (= $7.6 billion today)

37. Flood intensity – gage height

38. Flood Frequency (Cinti)

39. Remediation Flood wall Barrier dam

40. Beach Erosion Longshore drift

41. Beach Erosion -- Intensity

43. Beach Erosion -- Frequency

44. Beach Erosion -- Remediation Walls

45. Beach Erosion -- Remediation Nourishment

46. Overview of Geologic Hazards From earth movement (earthquakes, mudflows, landslides, subsidence, expansive soils) From water movement ( coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From dangerous minerals (arsenic, asbestos, radon) From contaminated water (groundwater, surface water, distribution system water)

47. Dangerous minerals – Pb phosphate

48. Occurrence of Arsenic in Groundwater in US SW Ohio

49. Radon – enters home from soil

50. Overview of Geologic Hazards From earth movement (earthquakes, mudflows, landslides, subsidence, expansive soils) From water movement ( coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From dangerous minerals (arsenic, asbestos, radon) From contaminated water (groundwater, surface water, distribution system water)

51. Contaminated water

52. Water Pollution – Inorganics in Groundwater GW flow

53. Significant solvent contamination has traveled through the groundwater outside the plant boundaries at Pristine. flow Water flow Water Pollution – Organics in Groundwater

54. Water Pollution – Magnitude

55. Water Pollution -- Surface Water GCWW intakes Proposed sewer outfall

56. Cryptosporidium

57. Water Pollution – From the distribution system Litharge Cu sulfate Mn oxide Plattnerite Litharge Cu sulfate Mn oxide Plattnerite + Mn oxide Pb carbonate

58. Water Pollution – From the distribution system

59. Pb islands

60. What do we do? 1.Understand the underlying geology 2.Calculate probability of an event 3.Estimate the severity of possible effects 4.Establish risk to populations & environment

61. What do we do? 5. Reducing the risk A.Avoidance B.Building codes C.Evacuation plans D.Removal of endangered structures E.Protective engineering