1. Suborbital Science Program Roadmaps Power and Propulsion Technology Working Group (TWG) Robert J. Shaw P&P TWG Lead NASA Glenn Research Center Robert.j.shaw@nasa.gov (216)977-7135 August 6, 2007 Revised Dec. 12, 2007

2. So What Charts

4. Mission Envelope Capture More %envelope expansion possible on manned systems due to age of SOA baselines compared to SOA UAVs Solar-Regenerative for endurance above ~60 hours; but limited in Solar latitude, altitude, and seasonal operations New UAV platforms (eg. tandem fuselage) or qualified operations (eg. mid-air refueling, rotations with data-link x-fer, etc.)

5. Red lines represent existing propulsion on platform is 10% of OEW; Blue lines represent 50% of OEW DoD HEETE Program goals NASA funded Programs (year 2010, 2025)

7. CFM56GE F118 PW TF33 RR AE3007 TPE331-10

8. 10% improvement to most pre-1985 engines by capitalizing on existing SOA benefits 5% relative to SOA by 2010 9% relative to SOA by 2025

9. TWG Roadmap Exercise

10. Propulsion & Power Capability Impacts Our Process “Roadmap” Platform FOM improvements (eg. Thrust/Weight, Fuel Consumption, Watts/Area, etc.) Improved Range Improved EnduranceImproved Altitude Improved Payload Improved Solar Latitude TPM improvements Improved Excess Power Mission Objectives (MOs) "So What's..." Figures of Merit (FOMs) "What's" Technical Performance Metrics (TPMs) "How's" Manned, UAV, P&P TWG TPM improvements (eg. Material densities, PV efficiency, Max Temperature/Life, etc.)

11. UAV Platforms VectorPAerosondeAltus-IIAltair (Predator B) Global Hawk Vision Vehicle Range 320 nmi300 nmi800 nmi5000 nmi12000 nmi Altitude 10000 ft20000 ft65000 ft52000 ft65000 ft Endurance 4 hours5 hours24 hours32 hours35 hours Payload 10 lbs9.9 lbs330 lbs660 lbs internal (+300 lbs ext.) 2000 lbs Propulsion (1) 75cc single- cylinder (1) Aerosonde H 24cc single- cylinder (4) Rotax 912- 2T; +Turbochrg (1) Honeywell TPE331-10T (1) RR AE- 3007H ? “Best Achievable per Figures of Merit” Information reconciled using NASA quotes, Websources, and Jane's Manuals

12. UAV Propulsion & Power Figures of Merit Propulsion Architecture Figures of Merit (FOMs) Possible Concepts TurbofanTSFC, T/Wt, DOC+I RR AE 3007H TurbopropTSFC, BSHp/Wt, DOC+I Allied Signal TPE-10T IC EngineTSFC, BSHp/Wt, DOC+I Rotax 912-2T Supercharged Fuel-Cell ElectricTSFC, BSHp/Wt, DOC+I PEM Fuel Cell SO Fuel Cell Solar ElectricBSHp/Wt, DOC+IGaAs/Ge cells Silicon cells

13. Manned Aircraft ER-2DC-8WB-57P-3Vision Vehicle Range 3000 nmi5400 nmi2500 nmi2070 nmi Altitude 70000 ft42000 ft60000 ft28000 ft Endurance 7 hours12 hours6.5 hours10-13 hours Payload 2600 lbs30000 lbs6000 lbs20000 lbs (int.+ ext.) Propulsion (2) GE F-118-101(4) CFM56-2-C1(2) TF-33(4) T56-A14 “Best Achievable per Figures of Merit” ? Information reconciled using NASA quotes, Websources, and Jane's Manuals

14. Manned Aircraft Propulsion & Power Figures of Merit Propulsion Architecture Figures of Merit (FOMs) Possible Concepts TurbofanTSFC, T/Wt, DOC+I Williams FJ44-2 GE F-118-10 CFM56-2-C1 Derivatives Topping-Cycle Turbofan TSFC, T/Wt, DOC+I

15. TSFC Improvement Sfc reductions (current and new turbine systems) will result in range, endurance, and payload improvements Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap Turbine Engine Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT Incremental improvements to current turbine engine systems (Typically 1% sfc improvement per year Future Programs TBD DoD VAATE Program-HEETE element* *VAATE-Versatile Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine HEETE-Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine 25% TSFC reduction relative to baseline turbine engines (TRL6) NASA Fundamental Aeronautics relevant technology contributions

16. T/W Improvement T/W reductions (current and new turbine systems) will result in range, endurance, and payload improvements Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap Turbine Engine Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT Incremental improvements to current turbine engine systems (Typically X% T/W improvement per year Future Programs TBD DoD VAATE Program-HEETE element* *VAATE-Versatile Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine HEETE-Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine 50% T/W reduction relative to baseline turbine engines (TRL6) NASA Fundamental Aeronautics relevant technology contributions

17. Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap Turboprop Engine Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT TPM Improvement NASA High Altitude Propeller Research TRL5 How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?

18. Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap IC Engine Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT TPM Improvement NASA High Altitude Propeller Research TRL5 How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?

19. Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap Fuel-Cell Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT TPM Improvement NASA Bi Electrode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell TRL4 NASA H2:O2 PEM Fuel Cell (Primary) TRL6 ? NASA H2:O2 Regen Fuel Cell TRL6 ? 100 WH/kg 400 WH/kg Need cool graphics!!!!!!!! How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?

20. Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap Solar (pV) Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT TPM Improvement TRL3 NASA Photovoltaic Research Need cool graphics!!!!!!!! How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?

21. Suborbital Science Program Power and Propulsion Technology Roadmap Battery Focus 2006200820102012201420162020 DRAFT TPM Improvement NASA Lithium Ion Battery Research TRL3TRL6 150 WH/kg 300 wh/l Need cool graphics!!!!!!!! How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?

22. Propulsion & Power Capability Impacts Future Activities Continue to follow military and other US propulsion developments Be available to do NASA aero work Continue on-going fuel cell work (for others) Survey of European programs (proposed)

23. Propulsion & Power Capability Impacts Proposal

24. Propulsion & Power Capability Impacts Proposal