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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS NEW ZEALAND PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
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Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s Atmospheric- lithospheric Interactions Cause: Floods
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NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN NEW ZEALAND FLOODS WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES
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ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER
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HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK
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RUGGED TOPOGRAPHY AND THE WAIMAKARIRI RIVER FLOODPLAIN
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The combination of torrential rain from summer rain storms and occasional cyclones, and the steep slopes favorable for flash floods leads to opportunities for disaster.
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FLOOD HAZARDS: ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
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FLOOD HAZARDS TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE INUNDATION EROSION SCOUR MUDFLOWS
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A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH THE VULNERABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS OF NEW ZEALAND’S COMMUNITIES
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NEW ZEALAND’S CITIES
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A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,..) intersect at a point in space and time.
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Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
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THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.
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THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.
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THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for concerted local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
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THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
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THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
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NOTABLE FLOOD DISASTERS FEBRUARY 13, 2004
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FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 The flooding began on February 13, when a series of unusual summer storms that brought heavy rain and strong winds to the lower North Island.
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FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 The floods damaged at least 19 bridges, affected water and sewer systems, and knocked out power and communications for several days.
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FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 Instead of being beneficial to agriculture by adding rich soil, the 2004 floods destroyed crops and devastated cattle and sheep farmers.
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FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 As a result of 2004’s flooding, vegetable prices increased more than 200 percent.
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ECONOMIC LOSS: ESTIMATED AT $200 million.
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NOTABLE FLOOD DISASTERS SOUTH ISLAND DECEMBER 13, 2011
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THE CAUSE: FIVE DAYS OF TORENTIAL RAIN The flood started on 12/13/2011 and ended on 12/17/2011 11:59:59 PM, a duration of 5 days. This flood was assigned a severity class 2 (i.e. this is an extreme event with an estimated recurrence interval greater than 100 years).
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IMPACTS The damage was widespread and in some cases spectacular, as walls of water and mud smashed through some houses and across roads, rendering them impassable, but no deaths.
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DEC. 13 FLOODING
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THE IMPACTS More than 100 people were evacuated from their homes. Collingwood was cut off for three days after a large portion of State Highway 60 was washed away by the one-in-100- year rainfall event.
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DEC. 13 FLOODING
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THE IMPACTS "Nelson and Tasman faced a massive clean-up bill from the destructive torrential downpour, which produced nearly three months' rain in just 24 hours.
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NOTABLE FLOOD IMAGES
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HIGH DISCHARGE AFTER A STORM
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FLOODING: WHAKATANE RIVER
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INUNDATION
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CHRISTCHURCH: FLOODING
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FLOODING: SOUTH ISLAND
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CYCLONE BOLA PASSED NEAR NEW ZEALAND : MARCH 1988
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FLOODING AFTER CYCLONE BOLA
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FLOODING
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FLOOD INDUCED LANDSLIDE
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ROAD WASHED OUT
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NEW ZEALAND’S NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE ---SO, START IMPLEMENTING MEASURES FOR BECOMING MORE RESILIENT TO A FLOOD DISASTER NOW.
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THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
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NEW ZEALAND’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS FLOOD HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PROHIBITING THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND LIFELINE SYSTEMS IN A RIVER FLOODPLAIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION PLANS TO MOVE PEOPLE TO SAFE HAVENS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EFFICIENT AND TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION OF SERVICES TO NORMAL IS ESSENTIAL FOR RECOVERY AND DISASTER RESILIENCE
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