1. Sustainability Freshman Inquiry Feb. 24, 2011 Jeff Fletcher See also: Daily Log PageDaily Log Page

2. Logistics Questions on Collapse Project? –Reading Assignment: Your Papers for your Annotated Bibliographies Including criticisms of Collapse (More on Collapse Criticisms next term) Recycling Project Follow-up –How did it go? –Next weekend will reassess rooms and do exit surveys 2 weeks left after today –Tues 3/1 Collapse Discussions Annotated Bibliography Due –Thur 3/3 Discussion Continued; Midterm 2 –Tues & Thur (3/8, 3/10) Presentations; Preview of Next Term Follow-up Room Assessments and Surveys Final Reflection Due

3. Collapse Chapter Assignments Finding Articles? Chapter 3: The Last People Alive: Pitcairn and Henderson Islands Chapter 4: The Ancient Ones: The Anasazi and their Neighbors Chapter 5: The Maya Collapses Chapter 6: The Viking Prelude and Fugues Chapter 7: Norse Greenland’s Flowering Chapter 8: Norse Greenland’s End Chapter 9: Opposite Paths to Success Chapter 10: Malthus in Africa: Rwanda’s Genocide Chapter 11: One Island, Two Peoples, Two Histories: Dominican Republic and Haiti Chapter 12: China, Lurching Giant Chapter 13: "Mining" Australia

4. Mercy Corp Fieldtrip In Groups –Relate to 4 UNST learning goals –Highlights of what you learned and were surprised by

5. Carbon Footprint: Issues –Average in class lower than US average. Why? –Possible explanations: Lifetime development: affluence = more impact University lifestyle Not including everything; miscalculations –Conclusion: “I’m doing better than US average, so I’m done”? Kolbert cake analogy? –Footprint is a ROUGH estimate

6. Carbon Footprint: Issues cont. Carbon Offsets: This is what these websites are selling and why calculators are provided for free –Choosing carbon offsets (not all equal)Choosing carbon offsets –Carbon offset vendors that sell Gold Standard offsetsGold Standard Planetair, Less, My Climate, Sustainable Travel International, Climate Friendly, Atmosfair, PurePlanetairLessMy ClimateSustainable Travel International Climate FriendlyAtmosfairPure How does burning a gallon of gas (weight 6.3 lbs) produce 20 lbs of CO2? –See: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/CO2.shtmlhttp://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/CO2.shtml Breathing ~ 1 kg of CO2/day –http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080923091421 AA830QKhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080923091421 AA830QK –http://www.null-hypothesis.co.uk/science/strange-but-true/profs- probings/carbon_virgin_earth_climate_breathinghttp://www.null-hypothesis.co.uk/science/strange-but-true/profs- probings/carbon_virgin_earth_climate_breathing

7. Electric Power Inequity Electric Power per capita, by country Populations without electricity One quarter of world without electricity

8. Review: Is The Temperature Rising? Raft analogy (http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/philander- temperature.html )http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/philander- temperature.html –Two questions How far to waterfall? When should we get out of the water? –First question scientific; second political –Problems: Skepticism and reluctance to claim facts is inherent to scientific research –Similar to Evolution: “it’s just a theory” Tragedy of the Commons

9. Temperature Rising (continued) Thomas Malthus: “gigantic inevitable famine” –Lily pond after 100 days; bacteria Need to understand that science is not exact, but sometimes we still need to act –The Lessons of Montreal Protocol (1987) in dealing with the Ozone Hole Periodic reviews to adapt to new results Requirements change if evidence changes

10. Question What typical course of events do people usually think of in a collapse?

11. Possible Answers (p. 6) Population growth forced people to adopt intensified means of agricultural production (irrigation, double- cropping, or terracing), and to expand farming onto marginal lands, Unsustainable practices led to environmental damage, Marginal lands had to be abandoned. Consequences: –food shortages, –starvation, – wars over resources, –overthrows of governing elites by disillusioned masses. –Population decrease through starvation, war or disease. –Society lost political, economic, and cultural complexity it had developed at the peak.

12. Question According to Diamond, in addition to the 5 point framework for understanding collapse, what 4 new environmental problems face us today?

13. Possible Answers According to Diamond, in addition to the 5 point framework for understanding collapse, what 4 new environmental problems face us today? (p. 7) –Human caused climate change –Buildup of toxic chemicals in the environment –Energy shortages –Full utilization of the Earth’s photosynthetic capacity

14. Question Explain how the following factors not only lower, but increase risk of collapse for modern societies: –Powerful technology –Globalization –Modern medicine

15. Possible Answers (p. 8) Powerful technology –solve problems –have un-intended destructive effects Globalization –Disaster relief –Collapse anywhere affects here at home –Disease travels quickly Modern medicine –Cures or prevents disease –many people depend on it for their survival

16. Question Explain the term “comparative method” or “natural experiment” and describe its importance to this book.

17. Possible Answers (p. 17-10) Science depends upon replicable controlled experiments –Is it ethical to experiment on large populations by withholding food or killing them to study the effects? Comparative studies identify factors, then study societies where the factors are naturally present or absent Use statistical methods when the sample sizes are large enough –Depends upon lots of accurate information about many details –often hard to know about past societies.

18. Question Are there Modern Day Collapses?

19. Possible Answers (p. 22) Are there Modern Day Collapses? –Haiti –Somalia –Rwanda –The Soviet Union –What about today’s headlines?

20. Question Based on your reading of the Prologue, do you think that Diamond is an objective researcher? Why or why not?

21. Collapse Ch. 1: Montana You will have ~15 minutes to prepare a 3 minute presentation on a section of Ch. 1 1.Montana's Economic History. pg. 27-mid 35 2.Mining. pg. 35-top 41 3.Forests. pg. 41-top 47 4.Soil. pg. 47-49; Water pg. 49-53 5.Native & Non-native. pg. 53-56 6.Differing Visions. pg. 56-lower 63 7.Attitudes towards regulation. pg. 63-65 8.4 Stories. pg. 66-72