1. BASIC HUMAN NEEDS Unit two

2. BASIC HUMAN NEEDS n OBJECTIVES: –Describe basic human needs/physical, emotional, spiritual –Identify Developmental tasks associated with the aging process –Discuss age related conditions –Discuss general characteristics of aging –Discuss cultural diversity/ individuality

3. Describe Basic Human Needs n Basic Human needs are needs all persons have. However individuals meet these needs in different ways. Most residents in long term facilities will need some assistance to meet their basic needs.

4. Ways to assist Residents with Physical Needs n Food –making meal time as pleasant as possible –assist resident to eat, feed resident when possible –prepare foods such as cutting meats, opening cartons n Oxygen/Air –elevate HOB for resident with breathing problems or SOB –position in bed and chairs to allow lung expansion –assist resident to ambulate –assist nurse with oxygen therapy.

5. Meeting Resident Physical needs n Water: –Offer fluids frequently –keep water containers within reach –Keep water fresh, other liquids at correct temperatures. n Elimination: –Assist resident in toileting needs –provide privacy –be matter of fact in response to incontinent residents

6. Meeting Physical Needs n Rest: –Assist in preparation for sleep –recognize changes in patterns for sleep n Activity and Exercise –Encourage ROM in ADL’s –ambulate, transfer and move properly –Encourage activity n Stimulation –Encourage resident to participate in activities –Encourage residents to talk and listen carefully –Do not isolate resident. Place in area where they can observe activity.

7. Meeting Physical needs n Sexuality –Encourage use of male/female clothing, cosmetics, hair styles to maintain sexual identity. –Provide privacy to couples expressing intimacy needs, knock before entering –Respond appropriately to resident who is masturbating, (take resident to room, don’t shame or be judgmental.

8. Ways to Assist Resident with Safety and Security Needs n Safety –Keep area safe and free of hazards –Show residents how to do activities safely –keep call light within reach –know how to do tasks –be alert to safety. Use TB and brakes n Security –respect residents belongings –orient resident to new surroundings –reassure resident –welcome family and friends –provide privacy, knock on doors

9. Ways to Assist Love and Belonging Needs n Caring about someone –listen to resident, encourage talk of past –show interest in residents family –encourage contact with other residents –read social histories in resident charts –some residents may have significant others who are not family members –take time with resident, pay attention

10. Love and Belonging Needs n Being cared about –Show interest in resident –touch residents in a kind and gentle manner –be kind and friendly to visitors –inform family and residents of activities offered –be patient and understanding –treat residents as you would like to be treated

11. Ways to Meet Self Esteem Needs n Sense of Identity –call resident by preferred name –include resident and family in discussions concerning resident care –give and respect choices made by residents –respect differences in culture, heredity, interests and values

12. Meeting Self- Esteem Needs n Feeling Important, worthwhile –praise accomplishments of residents –acknowledge residents at all times –respect resident property –talk to resident as an adult –encourage resident to do as much as abble for themselves –Give residents simple responsibilities and tasks to feel important

13. Meeting Self- Actualization Needs n The extra’s in life –encourage hobbies –praise accomplishments and strengths n Spirituality –respect religious beliefs –provide privacy for clergy visit. –Handle with care religious symbols –refer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge

14. Learning Objectives n To encourage students to be physically active n To illustrate Exercise and its effect on disease prevention n To provide examples of simple, moderate intensity physical activity n To encourage regular physical activity in developing countries with focus on women n To encourage physical fitness in people with disabilities n To build an Olympic Physical activity and health supercourse

15. What is Physical Activity n Physical activity Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in an expenditure of energy n Physical fitness A measure of a person's ability to perform physical activities that require endurance, strength, or flexibility. n Regular physical activity A pattern of physical activity is regular if activities are performed in some order CDC,1997

16. Anonymous “Physical activity is something you do. Physical fitness is something you acquire, a characteristic or an attribute one can achieve by being physically active. And exercise is structured and tends to have fitness as its goal" Anonymous

17. Spectrum of Physical Activity and Health Physically Fit Physically Active Physically disabled LaPorte RE: Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Oct;120(4):507-17 LaPorte RE: Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Oct;120(4):507-17

18. Differences between Exercise and Sport Exercise It’s a form of physical activity done primarily to improve one’s health and fitness. Sports Is complex, institutionalized, competitive and these very characteristics works against moderate and rhythmical exercise. CDC 1999

19. Common Reasons Not To Exercise n I don’t have the time n I don’t like to sweat n I’ll look silly n It hurts n I don’t know what to do n It’s not important

20. Why Exercise ???

21. Do you know? n 13.5 million people have coronary heart disease. n 1.5 million people suffer from a heart attack in a given year. n 250,000 people suffer from hip fractures each year. n Over 60 million people (a third of the population) are overweight. n 50 million people have high blood pressure. (WHO, 2003)

22. Do you Know that……. Adjusted RR for CVD Mortality by Fitness and % Body Fat

23. Do you Know that……. Adjusted RR for All-Cause Mortality by Fitness and % Body Fat

24. Do you know that …… n Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in most part of the world n Children are eating more and exercising less. n Time spent watching television or using computers n This lack coupled with poor dietary habits has led to significant increases in the number of children with Type II diabetes and predisposition to hypertension, coronary artery disease and others

25. All of these can be Prevented by Regular Physical Activity !!!

26. How Physical Activity Impacts Health n Helps control weight. n Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety. n Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints. n Reduces the risk of developing colon cancer. n Helps reduce blood pressure in people who already have high blood pressure. n Causes the development of new blood vessels in the heart and other muscles. n Enlarges the arteries that supply blood to the heart. WHO 2002

27. Health Risk of Physical Inactivity Leading causes of disease and disability associated with physical inactivity 1.Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) 2.Stroke 3.Obesity 4.Type II Diabetes 5.Hypertension 6.Colorectal cancer 7.Stress and Anxiety 8. Osteo-arthritis 9. Osteoporosis 10.Low back pain

28. What Can Exercise do for You? n Reduce the risk of the three leading causes of death: Heart Disease, stroke, and cancer n Control or prevent development of Disease n Enhance Mental Abilities n Improve Sleeping Habits and Increase Energy Levels n Lift Depression and Help Manage Stress n Control Weight, improving self-image, appearance and health

29. Exercise & Cardiovascular Disease FACT Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for CVD, according to the American Heart Association Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for CVD, according to the American Heart Association Exercise reduces Blood Pressure –High blood pressure (above 140/90) is the main cause of Heart Attack and Stroke Exercise prevents Atherosclerosis (clogged arteries) –Exercise reduces cholesterol plaques that clog arteries and can lead to stroke and heart attack WHO 2002

30. Exercise and Cancer The Basics –Exercise helps to prevent obesity, a major risk factor for several types of cancer –Exercise enhances immune function –Exercise activates antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from free radical damage WHO 2002

31. Exercise and Diabetes Increase insulin sensitivity Control blood glucose Control Weight/Lower body fat Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease WHO 2002

32. Exercise and Depression Exercise can help prevent depression. In fact, recent studies have shown that exercise was found to be just as effective (despite a slower initial response) as antidepressant medication for treatment of depression. –Exercise reduces health problems, making you feel better –Exercise helps you sleep better –Exercise controls weight, enhancing self- esteem WHO 2002

33. Exercise and Your Mind n Short-term benefits: –Boost alertness (possibly by triggering the release of epinephrine and nor epinephrine) –Improve memory –Improve intellectual function –Spark creativity n Long-term benefits: –Exercise has been shown to slow and even reverse age-related decline in mental function and loss of short-term memory A report of Surgeon general, Physical Activity and health, 1996

34. Opportunities for Physical Activity n n At work n n For transport n n In domestic duties n n In leisure time The majority of people do very little or no physical activity in any of these domains

35. Getting Started….Setting Goals n What will motivate you? –Think about your reasons for exercising –Are your goals important enough to keep you motivated long-term? n Think short-term and long-term –How will you benefit from your fitness plan day-to-day? –In 1 year? In 5 years? In 10 years?

36. Before You Start... n If you are over 40 or have health problems (heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, muscle or joint problems) see a physician before beginning exercise n Be informed –Learn as much as you can about exercise by reading and talking to other people –Learn safety precautions before you do any exercise

37. Fitness Equipment / Safety n Buy Appropriate SHOES n Wear Comfortable Clothing n TOO HOT! TOO COLD! n Run and Walk with a Friend More fun, safer, with a physical and mental support system n Night Time: stay to the well lit areas n Select activities that are fun ……….. To YOU!

38. Get Moving! n Components of an exercise program –Aerobic Activity –Strength Training –Flexibility Training Use an exercise log to help you plan and keep track of your exercise program WHO 2002

39. Aerobic Activity Definition Continuous movement that uses big muscle groups and is performed at an intensity that causes your heart, lungs, and vascular system to work harder than at rest Cardio respiratory Fitness is built through aerobic exercise Aerobic exercise conditions and strengthens our heart, respiratory system, muscles, and immune system CDC physical activity report 1999

40. Types of Aerobic Exercise Outdoor Activities –Walking –Jogging/running –Bicycling –Swimming –Basketball –Soccer –Jumping Rope Indoor Activities –Treadmill machine –Stair climbing machine –Stationary bike –Elliptical trainer –Rowing machine –Aerobics, boxing...

41. Strength Training Definition Muscle work against resistance that improves strength and endurance –Strength allows us to move, and endurance allows us to perform work over time Muscles = 40% of our lean body mass Use it or lose it: unused muscle disappears (atrophy)

42. Types of Strength Training Free Weights –use of dumbbells and/or bars with weights on the ends –involves balance and coordination; useful for enhancing function in daily activities and recreational sports –Bonuses: convenient, cheap, and provides a wide variety of exercises that work several muscle groups together Your body, your weight –The most convenient form of resistance exercise –Pushups, pull-ups,. Lunges, squats….

43. Flexibility Training Flexibility = The ability to move a joint through its range of motion –We lose flexibility with disuse and aging Benefits –Decreased chance of muscular injury, soreness, and pain –Helps prevent and reduce lower back pain –Improves joint health (tight muscles stress our joints) Activities stretching, yoga, pilates, tai chi

44. How Much and How Hard? Frequency: 3-5 days per week –Aerobic exercise: a minimum if 3 days a week are necessary to reach most exercise goals and minimize health benefits –Strength training: a minimum of 2 days per week –Flexibility training: a minimum of 3-5 days per week n Duration –Aerobic: 20-60 minutes of continuous aerobic activity –Strength: 1-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions –Stretching: Stretch all muscle groups and hold positions for 10-30 seconds

45. Timing Questions n What time of day is best? –Choose the most convenient time for your schedule –Choose a regular time--the same time every day –Timing may depend on the activity you choose n Can I eat before exercise? –It is best not to eat a meal for 2 hours beforehand –Be sure to drink plenty of water before and during exercise n Should I exercise when I’m sick? –No, especially if you have a fever

46. Exercise for people with special needs n People with disabilities are less likely to engage in regular moderate physical activity than people without disabilities, yet they have similar needs to promote their health and prevent unnecessary disease Exercise is for everyone!!!!!!! Individuals who have physical disabilities or chronic, disabling conditions such as arthritis can improve muscle stamina and strength with regular physical activity

47. Exercise for people with special needs n People with disabilities should first consult a physician before beginning a program of physical activity to which they are unaccustomed n Provide community-based programs to meet the needs of persons with disabilities. n Ensure that environments and facilities conducive to being physically active are available and accessible to people with disabilities, such as offering safe, accessible, and attractive trails for bicycling, walking, and wheelchair activities. "You don't stop exercising because you grow old. You grow old because you stop exercising." Anonymous

48. Exercise for Women in developing countries There has been several studies which have shown that less emphasis is given to exercise especially in women There has been several studies which have shown that less emphasis is given to exercise especially in women The reasons are several and most important one is awareness. The reasons are several and most important one is awareness. Women sports are not encouraged in most of developing countries Women sports are not encouraged in most of developing countries There is stigma that women should not be involved in outdoor sports There is stigma that women should not be involved in outdoor sports

49. Exercise is for everyone n There is need for awareness for physical fitness in developing countries n Exercise is not only for men but for everyone n With commitment, opportunities can be developed. n Even shopping malls provide opportunities for fitness walking CDC 1997

50. Health Risks of Physical Activity n n Most musculo-skeletal injuries sustained during physical activity are likely to be preventable n n Injuries sustained during competitive sports have been shown to increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis n n Serious cardiac events can occur with physical exertion. he overall benefit of regular physical activity is lower all-cause mortality T he overall benefit of regular physical activity is lower all-cause mortality

51. Injury n Prevention –exercise regularly –gradually increase intensity –rest between sessions –warm-up and cool down –stay flexible –don’t exercise when sick –don’t exercise when muscles are fatigued and straining –know proper form for any activity you do n Caring for Injuries –Rest: stop immediately –Ice: apply immediately and repeat every few hours for 15-20 minutes –Compress: wrap injured area with elastic bandage –Elevation: raise injured area above heart –After 2 days, apply heat if there is no swelling –Gradually ease back into activity when pain is gone

52. Summary n n Physical inactivity is one of the top 10 leading causes of death and disability in the developed world n Exercise improves our body and minds n Even moderate exercise has many health benefits n It is important to set fitness goals that are realistic and meaningful for you n It takes time to make fitness part of a lifestyle, and we will all have ups and downs in following our exercise programs Exercise feels good! Exercise feels good!

53. “The first wealth is health." Ralph Waldo Emerson