2. Geography Generalizations Shaped Europe’s environment, economics, culture and political forms. Oddly shaped peninsula w/ big and small islands, seas, bays, and gulfs Tempered climate due to place on globe and near water Large amount of navigable rivers, mountains, plateaus with extremely diverse landforms

3. Europe’s Latitude v. US

4. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

5. Satellite View of Europe

6. 3,800 square miles

7. REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

8. Continents by Size (sq. km.) Asia44,579,000Africa30,065,000 North America 24,256,000 South America 17,819,000 Antarctica13,209,000 Europe Europe9,938,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 7,687,000

10. Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? OROR A Peninsula of Asia?

11. Europe: An Asian Peninsula?

12. Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

13. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

14. What’s the answer ??

15. B o d i e s of W a t e r B o d i e s of W a t e r Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea

16. The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide e “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Caesarea on the Israeli coast Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

17. RiversRiversRiversRivers RiversRiversRiversRivers Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R.

18. The Danube River 1770 miles

19. The Danube River  Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

20. The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

21. The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

22. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

23. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

24. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

25. What’s the answer ??

26. Answer:Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline!

27. Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^

28. ElevationElevation Alps Carpathians Caucasus Urals Pyrennes Apennines

29. The Alps e Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

30. Mt. Blanc in the Alps e Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

31. The Caucasus Mountains e The origin of the word Caucasian.

32. Transylvania in the Carpathian Mountains e Home of Vlad Tepeš, the Drakul (“Count Dracula”)

33. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. 1500 miles

34. PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains Northern European Plain Steppes Siberian Lowlands

35. The BENELUX Countries * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg

36. Holland’s Dikes

37. Amsterdam’s Canals

38. The Netherlands: The “Dagger” Pointing at the Heart of Britain!

39. CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Siberian Lowlands Northern European Plain Steppes Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Crimean Pen. Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen. Italian Pen.

41. Eastern Europe

42. Siberia --> Permafrost eAverage temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e 150,000,000 population. e A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

43. Trans-Siberian Railroad e Completed in 1905.

44. Trans-Siberian Railroad  The main line runs 5,785 miles.

46. Europe’s Latitude v. US

47. ClimateClimate

49. Europe’s Natural Regions

50. The North European Plain

51. The Northern European Plain --> An Invasion Route into Asia (& Vice Versa?)

52. Steppes: “Soviet” Breadbasket

53. The Steppes e 25% of the old Soviet Union’s food supply.

54. Germany’s Black Forest

56. Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Land Below the Arctic Circle

58. RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES

59. Major Industrial Resources

60. Oil Export Routes in the Caucasus Area

62. World Population by Continents Asia3,737,000,000 Africa823,000,000 Europe729,000,000 North America 486,000,000 South America 351,000,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 31,000,000 Antarctica no permanent population

63. Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan336.72 United States 29.77 India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom 244.69Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

64. Population Distribution

65. Major Religious Groups in Europe

66. Impact of the Geographic inheritance? 1st - wide variety of economic activities advanced Europe –diverse climate and geography allows a variety of agricultural, manufacturing and industrial products. 2nd -Europe’s landmass makes it difficult for 1 political entity to control –Variety forms of government existed –Due to all of this, constant warfare, balance of power and border disputes mark Europe’s history –Large variety of cultural difference exist ***Major theme of course…tension between the individual nations and the common heritage of Europe