1. Tuesday, September 23 Do Now: Think about it and free-write ideas: What is a “policy”? What is “foreign policy”? What factors go in to the development of foreign policy? Give an example of what you believe to be a present-day foreign policy. Agenda: Do-Now & HW Check Notes and worksheets on the Panama Canal and New Foreign Policy Homework: Complete the Panama Canal worksheet using the section of the reading from last night’s homework and your notes from today. BRING YOUR BOOKS TO CLASS TOMORROW

2. The United States As a World Power

3. What does it mean to be a world power? Large, vigorous economy Control of overseas territory Ability to intervene/interfere in other countries of strategic interest (economically, politically, etc.)

4. A changing of command… McKinley assassinated! VP Theodore Roosevelt assumes the presidency

5. The Panama Canal REASONS FOR IT: Needed a shorter route from Atlantic to Pacific Global shipping would be faster, cheaper Navy could mobilize more quickly in war Hey why not, we’re a world power.

6. The Panama Canal

8. Who cares about a little “isthmus” anyway? Isthmus – A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses Concession – A grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to use the land for a specific purpose.

9. Canal Timeline Panama was a province of Colombia French Company, 25 year concession –Ferdinand de Lesseps fails, abandons project –Sale price $100 million  $40 million –2 years remaining on the concession US purchases remaining concession –Spooner Act, 1902 –Requires treaty with Columbia

10. Canal Timeline Columbia wants to wait for concession to expire –Then they can charge more $$$ John Hay (now secretary of state) is outraged, threatens Columbia “If Columbia should now reject the treaty or unduly delay its ratification, the friendly understanding between the two countries would be so seriously compromised that action might be taken by the Congress next winter which every friend of Columbia would regret.”

11. Panama Canal Meanwhile… Roosevelt secretly informs Philippe Bunau-Varilla that the us “would not interfere if the French company should organize a Panamanian revolution against Columbia” Panamanian Revolution occurs in November 1903 –US warships waited offshore to support Panama

12. So what happens next!?

13. Result Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 1903 –Recognized independent Panama –Granted the US a PERMANENT grant of a 10-mile wide “Canal Zone” with complete sovereignty –Panamanians receive $10million from the US Engineering marvel: –The Canal is completed 6 months early, and $23 million UNDER budget

14. How do you think anti-imperialists view the creation of the Panama Canal? How do you think pro-imperialists view the creation of the Panama Canal?

15. William Hearst attacks Roosevelt “Besides being a ‘rough riding’ assault upon another republic over the shattered wreckage of international law, … it is a quite unexampled instance of foul play in American politics.” Roosevelt defends his actions “If I had followed traditional, conservative methods I would have submitted a dignified State paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would have been going on yet; but I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on, the canal does also.”

16. Variations in Foreign Policy

17. Big Stick Diplomacy Who? –President Teddy Roosevelt What? –“Roosevelt Corollary,” an extension of the Monroe Doctrine How? –Used Armed forces to stop any European Country from seizing territory Which countries effected? –Dominican Republic –Panama

18. Dollar Diplomacy Who? –President William Howard Taft What? –Substitute money for bullets How? –Invested in foreign economies –Replaced European loans with American loans Which countries effected? –China, Manchuria –Latin American Nations

19. Moral Diplomacy Who? –President Woodrow Wilson What? –US would apply moral and legalistic standards How? –Would not recognize Huerta as Mexican President; –Supported revolutionaries Which countries were effected? –Mexico

20. Don’t forget to do the homework! Bring your books to class tomorrow please.