1. APES 10/23 and 24 No Warm-Up today
Turn in your cycles of matter project to the inbox
Log in to a netbook for notes after the quiz!

2. Abiotic (Non-Living) Factors
We are continuing our learning of abiotic factors that affect ecosystems
Cycles of matter
Climate
Air Currents
Ocean Currents

3. Learning Targets I can describe the major factors that impact climate
Unequal solar heating that creates convenction
Coriolis effect
Prevailing winds

4. Climate and air Currents

5. The Atmosphere Troposphere- first 11 miles
Stratosphere – next miles
lower portion has ozone layer
Meso, Thermo, Exosphere less important to APES

6. How does temperature change as you move through the atmosphere?
Why?

7. GREENHOUSE EFFECT-natural process in which heat- trapping gases (CO2, H20 vapor, CH4), traps heat in the troposphere. Without this, Earth would be cold and lifeless.

8. Weather Short term physical properties of the troposphere
Temp., pressure, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, wind direction and speed
Less important than
climate in effect on
ecosystems

9. Climate Long term weather of an area
Global temperature and precipitation determined by uneven heating of earth by sun
Lead to distinct climate zones according to latitude

10. Cold Tropical (equator) Tropical Cold Climate type
Cool Temperate
Warm Temperate
Tropical
(equator)
Tropical
Warm Temperate
Cool Temperate
Cold
Fig. 6.6a, p. 125
Climate type

11. Factors that Influence Climate
1. Uneven heating of earth’s surface (because it’s a sphere)
2. Rotation of earth on its axis (Coriolis Effect)
3. Properties of air, water, and land
All of these create predictable ocean and air currents

12. Factors that Influence Climate
Solar radiation hits the equator directly, but strikes the rest of the globe at an increasingly less direct angle.
Albedo= measure of percent of
sunlight reflected by a surface
Equator has highest albedo
This uneven heating creates a
temp. imbalance that affects the air

13. Convection
Convection currents- global patterns of air movement created by unequal heating of earth
Warm air from equator rises and moves to cold polar regions by convection
Cold air sinks at the poles- this is the
main source of our wind patterns

14. Convection Currents
Convection currents are found at specific places, based on earth’s latitude
Air currents occurring on either side of the equator (up to 30 degrees) are called Hadley Cells
Branch off from the direct heating that occurs at the equator (Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)).

15. Polar cells are the convection cells near the poles
Ferrel cells are in between Polar cells and Hadley cells

16. Air Circulation Patterns- Prevailing Winds
Tradewinds- sub tropics
Westerlies - temperate latitudes
Doldrums- still air along equator

17. Air Circulation Patterns
We see why the air is moving (convection), but why in those directions?
Coriolis Effect- rising warm air masses are deflected to the west or the east
This occurs because the earth is rotating!

18. Air Circulation Patterns
All together!
Convection cells and
prevailing winds caused by unequal heating and the Coriolis effect.

19. Checks for Understanding
Using your new knowledge about climate and air currents, why do we have a temperate, moist climate?
Use the terms Coriolis effect, convection, ferrel cell, and prevailing winds

20. Ocean Currents & El Nino
Ocean currents move in a predictable way, also due to unequal solar energy and the Coriolis Effect (notes next time)
However, sometimes these currents move in an abnormal way!
HW: learn about El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by doing a guided online assignment
DO ALL EXCEPT THE LAST SECTION
ACCESS IT ONLINE AND SAVE IT AS A GOOGLE DOC