2. Universals of Verbal & Nonverbal Messages

3. Interaction of Verbal &Nonverbal Messages = We blend verbal and nonverbal messages to best convey our meanings

4. II. Meanings & Messages A.Meanings are in people B.Meanings are more than words & gestures

5. C.Meanings are Unique = no 2 people ever have the same understanding D.Meanings are both denotative & connotative

6. 1. denotative = objective definition 2.connotative = subjective or emotional meaning

7. E.Meanings are Context- Based III. Message Characteristics A.Messages are Packaged = to create a unified meaning

8. Messages are Rule-Governed C.Vary in Abstraction D.Vary in Directness

9. Verbal Messages: Principles & Pitfalls Unit 10

10. I.Disconfirmation & Confirmation = the extent to which you acknowledge another person

11. A.Disconfirmation = ignoring a person’s presence and a person’s communications

12. B. Confirmation- acknowledge and accept the other person

13. C.Types 1.Racism – places a certain racial or ethnic group in an inferior position

14. 2.Sexism = get rid of a.generic “Man” b.generic “He” & “His” c.sex role stereotyping

15. C.Heterosexism = refers to language used to disparage lesbians and gay men II.Excluding Talk & Inclusion = include others

16. III.Balance of Self & Other A.Principle of Balance = strive for interactions using a balance of self-talk and other talk

17. IV.Principles of Honest Appraisals n Focus on the Behavior Not the Person n State Criticism Positively n Be Constructive

18. Own Your Own Thoughts and Feelings Avoid Ordering & Directing Consider the Context Use I-messages