2. Bellringer: 11/30 and 12/1 1. Pick up papers by the door. 2. Take out Greek Culture reading from the AP book. 3. Cross out the following boxes in your “Greek Culture” Notes: – Greek Drama (on the back page at bottom) – Greek Values (at bottom of front page) 4. Make these Table of Contents Updates: – 63: Notes - Greek Culture – 64: AP Reading Questions: Greek Culture – 65: The Odyssey Values Worksheet

3. Agenda: 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: Greek Culture 3. Odyssey Activity 4. AP Reading Questions

4. Homework: Finish AP Reading Questions on Greek Culture (Page 64). These will be checked for a HW grade next class (Wednesday 12/2 or Thursday 12/3).

5. Foundations of Greek Culture

6. Role of Stories Greek culture is based on stories – Stories are largely myths? – What is the purpose of myths?

7. Homeric Epics Epic = long poem about a hero, important to a culture Homer = probable author, lived around 750 BCE Events took place around 1250 BCE (the Mycenaean time)

8. The Iliad A story about the Trojan War – Paris from Troy captures Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king – A huge Greek army attacks Troy, led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae

9. The Iliad – After 10 years surrounding the city, the Greeks trick their way into Troy and destroy the city Why does this matter? We can learn a lot about what Greeks wanted in heroes and leaders from epic poems like this one

10. The Odyssey After winning the Trojan War, a Greek king named Odysseus tries to go home, but angers the gods – It takes him 10 years and many trials to reach his wife and son Learn about Greek life at home, what they value in husbands and fathers

11. Not Just Stories Homeric epics = history – Everything was bigger and everyone was stronger and better – This shapes how Greeks view themselves and what they value

12. What qualities of the Iliad and Odyssey make it an epic poem? - They both have a hero - Both display important Greek values - Both still part of Greek culture

13. Ancient Greek Values

14. Respect the Gods The gods are like high schoolers – Jealous – Petty – Easily angered – And they hold grudges Don’t make them angry, or you will pay – Myths tell you how to act – They are called gods for a reason

15. Family Loyal to their family and friends, welcome guests as temporary family members Examples: – Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother – Odysseus travels for 10 years to return home to his wife, who remains faithful

16. Arete Your value or worth, your moral excellence Examples: – Warriors and athletes honored in the Iliad and Odyssey – Celebration of Odysseus’ and Penelope’s intelligence and loyalty (their arête)

17. Agon Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation (debate). The Greeks love to compete Examples: – Constant athletic challenges throughout the Iliad and Odyssey – Olympic Games

18. Kleos Aphthiton Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the Greeks was to be remembered forever Examples: – Achilles (Iliad): you know how he died – Kings trying to be the most powerful – Olympic athletes – Spartan warriors

19. Greek Religion

20. Main characteristics: – Polytheistic – Gods tied to natural events – Festivals held in honor of gods Gods/goddesses = patrons of cities – EX: Athena and Athens Can you draw any connections between the Greek religion (its characteristics) and the religions or beliefs of other cultures we’ve studied so far?

21. Greek Philosophy

22. The Three Most Famous Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle

24. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Encouraged students to think Dialectic/Socratic method Conversational Based upon reason and logic Socrates’ approach was more rigorous and was the forerunner of logic. Most famous student: Plato Placed on trial for impiety and corrupting youth Was executed in 399 – drank poison hemlock

25. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Socratic Method: I.Admit ignorance. II.Never rely on tradition. III.Continuously question. IV.Formulate your own opinions. V.Test your opinions with others.

26. Plato 427 - 347 B.C. Preserved work of Socrates “Philosopher-kings” Most important source of info on Socrates Founded the Academy Wrote dialogues – The Republic – most important dialogue “Those things which are beautiful are also difficult.”

27. Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Most famous student of Plato Most famous teacher of Alexander the Great Fully developed Logic as a field of study Devised a complex system of classification – Used in biology Views on Government

28. Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Views on Government 3 Good Governments: – Monarchy – Aristocracy – Democracy 3 Bad Governments: – Tyranny – Oligarchy – Mob Rule

29. OTHER GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

30. Pythagoras 582-500 B.C. The universe could only be understood thru numbers. Famous for the Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2

31. Pythagoras 582-500 B.C. Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 a2a2 c2c2 b2b2

32. Hippocrates 460-377 B.C. Founded a school of medicine Rejected that sickness comes from the gods Studied symptoms of illnesses The Hippocratic Oath

33. Euclid c.300 B.C. One of the most prominent mathematicians Wrote The Elements Widely used till about 1903. 2 nd only to the Bible in numbers of translations, publications, and study Greek – Arabic – Latin

34. Greek Art/Architecture

35. Greek Columns The Greeks altered Egyptian column styles to develop their own style of column or order decoration There are three types of Greek columns--which are still used today.

36. 1.Doric The first of the Greek order (the oldest) Less ornate detailing at the top

37. 2. Ionic The second Greek order (the middle) 2 nd oldest kind of column in Greece Scroll-like detailing at the top

38. 3.Corinthian The third type of the Greek order Most ornate detail work at the top

41. Greek Buildings Many Greek buildings remain in partial standing These buildings and styles influenced Roman architecture that followed.

42. Acropolis Main temple complex in Athens— and Greece Built by Pericles; “Golden Age of Athens”

44. Parthenon Athena’s Temple at the Acropolis Why is it the largest temple on the Acropolis?

45. Greek Culture Activities 1. The Odyssey Reading Analysis (Page 65) – There are 8 different readings posted around the room. Use them to answer the questions on Page 65. This can be done alone or in a group of TWO MAX. 2. AP Text Reading Questions: Greek Culture (Page 64) – Use the AP textbook section you read for homework to answer the questions either individually or in a GROUP OF TWO MAX.