1. Preview Objectives Scientific Method Observing and Collecting Data Formulating Hypotheses Testing Hypotheses Theorizing Scientific Method Chapter 2

2. Objectives Describe the purpose of the scientific method. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative observations. Describe the differences between hypotheses, theories, and models. Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

3. Scientific Method The scientific method is a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data. Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

4. Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter 2 Section 1 Scientific Method Scientific Method

5. Observing and Collecting Data Observing is the use of the senses to obtain information. data may be qualitative (descriptive) quantitative (numerical) A system is a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation. Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

6. Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter 2 Section 1 Scientific Method Qualitative and Quantitative Data

7. Activity 3: Which of the following is quantitative and which are qualitative data? 1.The car has a red color 2.The spider has 6 legs 3.John weighs 80Kg 4.The orange tastes sour 5.The distance to Dubai is 120Km 6.The liquid floats on water 7.The metal is malleable 8.The temperature is 55.6 O C

8. Formulating Hypotheses Scientists make generalizations based on the data. Scientists use generalizations about the data to formulate a hypothesis, or testable statement. Hypotheses are often “if-then” statements. Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

9. Formulating Hypotheses Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

10. Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter 2 Section 1 Scientific Method Hypothesis

11. Activity 4: After watching the video answer the following questions 1.The two scientists first saw that penguins are more efficient when swimming than boats. This is an _____________ 2.Then the scientists wanted to build a more efficient boat. They started with a ___________ 3.Then they wrote a ____________ is based on ____________ and it can be ______________. 4.The hypothesis in the video is: Boats that use normal propellers are _________ efficient than if they moved like penguin wings 5.They then __________ their hypothesis by building a boat and taking _________ Tested Question Less Measurements Observations Hypothesis Observation

12. Testing Hypotheses Testing a hypothesis requires experimentation that provides data to support or refute a hypothesis or theory. During Testing, the experimental conditions that remain constant are called Controls. And any experimental conditions that change are called Variables. Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

13. Theorizing When the data from experiments show that the predictions of the hypothesis are successful, scientists try to explain the phenomena they are studying by constructing a model. A model in science is more than a physical object; it is often an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related. Model may be : visual, verbal, or mathematical example: atomic model of matter A theory is a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena. example: atomic theory Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2

14. Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter 2 Section 1 Scientific Method Models

15. Scientific Method Section 1 Scientific Method Chapter 2