1. Age of Exploration and Colonization

2. Motives in the Age of Exploration
Attracted to East for silks and spices
Difficult to trade with Islamic empires
Desire for wealth and adventure
religious zeal- save souls
Summary
Gold, Glory and God

3. Improvements in Navigation
Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass
better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry cannon
use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars

4. New Technology
The compass
The astrolabe

5. Portuguese Explorers Prince Henry- first school to train navigators
Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope- 1488
Vasco de Gama- went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India
1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China

6. The Spanish Believed a short cut could be found by sailing west
Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492
arrived in Caribbean thought it was the Indies thus the west Indies-
Magellan- around the world

7. Pattern of Contact Begin by trading
Armed conflict- Europeans had cannons
set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans
made alliances with local leaders
developed mercantilism- material from colony- buy finished products from Europe.

8. Slave Trade
Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants then to Brazil to work on plantations
Africans less susceptible to European diseases than Native Americans
death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip
African middlemen active- depopulated entire areas of Africa- food from America helped increase birthrate

9. Spice Trade-East Indies
Very important to Europeans- made food taste better
Led to increased desire to trade with Asia
VERY profitable!

10. Impact on World by European Contact
Purpose of colonies was to serve the homeland -slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold /silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly.
In the Americas
Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox
Violence common

11. The World Dominated by Europe (cont)
Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country- Ethiopia
Southeast Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia
India- French and British compete- British win
South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too