1. PRESENT PERFECT vs. SIMPLE PAST

2. What is the difference?
I’ve been to London. (present perfect) I went to London last week. (simple past)

3. TIME I went to London I’ve been to London. last week.
FINISHED UNFINISHED
SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
I went to London I’ve been to London.
last week.
Specific time:
yesterday General experience.
last summer
2 months ago

4. When do we use Simple Past?
1) Actions that are not connected with present. The Titanic sank in ) Actions in the past that are chronologically ordered. He came in, sat on the sofa and started waiting. 3) Repeated actions in the past (= used to). I took English courses when I was twelve (= I used to take English courses). 4) When after talking about general experience we give details (when we have to be SPECIFIC and answer questions like WHEN? WHERE? WHY? HOW?). I’ve been to London this month. I stayed in a big hotel. I visited Trafalgar Square and bought some souvenirs.

5. When do we use Present Perfect?
1) When we talk about GENERAL EXPERIENCE without giving specific information (we don’t have to know WHEN you did something, we want to know IF you did it or not).
Tarantino has directed lots of blockbusters. (BUT: Tarantino directed “Kill Bill” in 2003).
I have never seen the Eiffel Tower. (BUT: I didn’t see the Eiffel Tower when I was in France).
Jack has written a script. (BUT: He wrote the script last week).

6. When do we use Present Perfect?
2) Actions that are finished in the past but connected with present (actions in the past affected the present – you can see the result). X
Past Present
I’ve eaten a banana.
A plane has landed.

7. When do we use Present Perfect?
3) When we want to express an unfinished period of time (that started in the past but continues now). I have taken three tests this semester (this semester is not finished, it’s still going on). Helen has been to London once in her life (her life is not finished, it’s still going on). My grandparents have seen “Hamlet” this week (this week is not finished, it’s still going on).

8. How do we make Present Perfect form?
Affirmative sentences:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Past Participle I
You We
They
have
seen He
She It
has

9. How do we make Present Perfect form?
Negative sentences:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Past Participle I
You We
They
haven’t (=have not)
seen He
She It
hasn’t (=has not)

10. How do we make Present Perfect form?
Interrogative sentences: Yes, I have. No, we haven’t. Yes, he has. No, she hasn’t.
Auxiliary Verb
Subject
Past Participle
Have I
you we
they
seen?
Has he
she it

11. Past Participle Form of Verbs
see go
cut
eat
work
catch
leave
arrive
feed
make
bring
give
drink do
buy
teach

12. Past Participle Form of Verbs
see
seen go
gone
cut
eat
eaten
work
worked
catch
caught
leave
left
arrive
arrived
feed
fed
make
made
bring
brought
give
given
drink
drunk do
done
buy
bought
teach
taught

13. Let’s practice a little!
I ……… (see) that film before.
We ………. (read) three English books in class.
My mother ……….. (be) to London twice this year.
John ………… (borrow) four CDs from me.
The children ………… (eat) breakfast.
You ………… (drink) all the coffee.
Be quiet! The film ………….. (start).

14. Let’s practice a little!
I have seen that film before.
We have read three English books in class.
My mother has been to London twice this year.
John has borrowed four CDs from me.
The children have eaten breakfast.
You have drunk all the coffee.
Be quiet! The film has started.