1. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

2. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE FORM : have / has + past participle USES : 1. LIFE EXPERIENCES I’ve been to China She’s ridden a horse

3. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 2. ALREADY, JUST & YET They’ve just left She’s already called her friend They haven’t finished yet

4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE SUPERLATIVES & “THE FIRST, SECOND, LAST TIME”, ETC It’s the best meal I’ve ever had It’s the first time he’s given a speech

5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 3. CONNECTION PAST & PRESENT I’ve sprained my ankle, as you can see He’s lost his keys

6. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 4. HOW LONG / FOR/ SINCE (NON- ACTION VERBS: be, have, know, like, etc ) I ’ve known Maria for 10 years They ’ve had that car since 2007

7. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 5. HOW MUCH / HOW MANY How many books have you written ? I’ve spent too much money

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORM : HAVE / HAS + BEEN + VERB + ING USES : 1. “HOW LONG / FOR / SINCE” WITH ACTION VERBS (action started in past & continues now) How long have you been feeling like this? She’s been travelling by bus for 5 years

9. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 2. REPEATED ACTIONS, ESPECIALLY WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS LIKE ALL DAY, RECENTLY, ETC I have been arguing with my husband lately. The phone has been ringing all day.

10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 3. CONTINUOUS ACTIONS THAT HAVE JUST FINISHED (WITH RESULT IN THE PRESENT) He’s been running all day. He’s dead! A: Look at your hands! They’re so filthy! B: I know. I’ve been painting the living room

11. SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS? PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Emphasis on the RESULT of the action I’ve painted my living room PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Emphasis on the DURATION of the action I’ve been painting my living room