1. Study Guide Chapter 14
1. Describe the four basic types of volcanoes. Give two examples of each volcano type.
2. What is a caldera? Give an example of a caldera.
3. What is the Ring of Fire. Where is it located? What causes the Ring of Fire.
4. What is a batholith and laccolith.
5. How are layers organized in a sedimentary rock. (Are layers on top younger or older than bottom layers?)
6. What is warping?
7. What is an anticline and syncline? What causes recumbent and overthrust folds.

2. Study Guide continued
8. Identify a normal, reverse, and strikeslip fault on a block diagram.
9. What is a fault scarp?
10.What type of fault is the San Andreas?
11.What is a graben. Give a well known example of a graben.
12.Where is the focus of an earthquake?
13.What is the epicenter.
14.What is the correlations between volcanic and earthquake locations.

3. Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Landforms and Tectonic Landforms
Volcanism
Plutonism
Materials from volcanoes
Aa lava, blocky lava
Pahoehoe, ropy lava
Pryoclastic material: bombs, volcanic ash, cinders.

4. Fig. 14-6, p. 397

6. Volcanoes Four different types of volcanoes
Composite cone or stratovolcano
Shield
Plug dome
Cinder cone

7. Volcanoes Stratovolcano
Mix of lava flow and pyroclastic material. Examples: Mt. St. Helens and Mount Vesuvius, Mount Rainier, Mount Shasta.
Shield
Lots of lava, gas, and little ash. Gentle cones that emit basaltic lava. Builds broad structures with gentle slopes. Examples: Hawaii

8. Fig b, p. 400

9. Volcanoes
Plug dome
Steep sided volcanoes with broad summits composed of solid lava. Example is Figure 14.2-Mt. Lassen in Northern California.
Cinder cone
Smallest type of volcano. Little lava and mostly pyroclastic material. Examples include Sunset Crater in Arizona and some cinder cones in California and Nevada deserts.

10. Fig , p. 401

11. Cinder Cone

14. Calderas Composite volcano
Violent eruptions, summit collapses into empty magma chamber
Fills with water.
Crater Lake in Oregon

15. Caldera

16. Plutons
Intrusive igneous bodies that are deep seated. After millions of years of erosion some of these forms are exposed.
The largest plutonic feature is a batholith.
Laccolith

17. Batholith Larger than 100 square kilometers Usually granite
Plutons that digest each other
Core of mountain ranges
Sierra Nevada or Rocky Mountains

18. Laccolith Mushroom shape Blister below Earth’s surface
Also forms core of mountain ranges and hills.

19. Fig , p. 403

20. Fig , p. 408

22. Earthquakes
Vibrations of the Earth that occur when accumulating strain of slow crustal deformation is suddenly released by displacement along a fault.
Focus- Point where earthquake occurs.
Epicenter-Point on surface above focus.

23. Faulting Lateral faults Reverse faults Normal faults
Right lateral strike slip fault
Left lateral strike slip fault
Reverse faults
Normal faults

24. Fig , p. 384

25. Fig , p. 410

26. slide

27. slide

28. Geology Concepts Warping Laying of sediments Graben Oldest to youngest
Death Valley

29. Fig , p. 412