1. Collections II: Entomology Diet and Feeding

2. Three basic types of diets: saprophytic phytophagous carnivorous

3. Saprophytic recycle nutrients Types of food sources:  Plant remains  Animal corpses  Animal feces

4. Maggots feeding on animal remains Dung beetles recycle animal feces Saprophytic examples:

5. Phytophagous consume plants (3 main types):  Polyphagous: (eg grasshoppers) consume many species of plants  Oligophagous: (eg wander butterfly larvae) consume a few species of related plants  Monophagous: (eg citrus butterfly, white cedar moth) consume a single species of plant

6. Plant-eaters mouthparts: Chewing - leaves, stems, roots, fruit, wood, flowers, pollen Piercing/sucking - leaves, roots, stems (either phloem or xylem) or nectar Sucking or lapping - nectar or sap

7. Chewing examples: Sawfly larvae Leaf blisters Leaf mines

8. Piercing/sucking examples: Lerps – protective outercovering of jumping plant lice Spittle Bug

9. Sucking or lapping examples: Honey Bee Butterfly

10. Carnivorous Carnivorous insects (animal tissues):  Predators  eats insects or animals speed (e.g. robber fly, dragonfly) trap (antlion larva) use of modified appendages (e.g. raptorial legs of mantid, extendable labium of dragonfly nymph).raptoriallabium  Parasites  live off a host but do not kill it. Ectoparasites live externally on the host; Endoparasites live inside the host.  Parasitoids kill the host.

11. Predator examples: An Ant lion Pit Praying mantis with prey

12. Parasite example: Mosquito about to feed on blood

13. Parasitoid example: A tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) parasitised by braconid wasp larvae