1. Active vs Passive voice verbs
Chapter 30
Active vs Passive voice verbs

2. it is the boy who is DOING the action.
Active verbs
What does it mean to be active?
It means one DOES things.
In grammar, it means that the subject DOES the action of the verb.
The subject could be DOING the action for oneself: The boy RUNS on the field. (An intransitive verb)
Puer in silvā currit.
The subject could be DOING the action to a direct object:
The boy FRIGHTENS the girl (A transitive verb).
Puer puellam terret.
In both examples,
it is the boy who is DOING the action.

3. Passive verbs What does it mean to be passive?
It means one has things DONE to him.
In grammar, it means that the subject has the action of the verb DONE to it.
The boy is struck by the ball.
Puer pilā feritur.
In this example the verb ‘is struck’ is passive because the subject ‘the boy’ is NOT DOING anything while the snowball hits him.

4. Present passive 1. Use the 1st principal part
paro, parare, paravi,paratum 1st
Singular Plural
1st paro
2nd
3rd
mitto, mittere, misi, missum 3rd
1st mitto
habeo, habere, habui, habitus 2nd
Singular Plural
1st habeo
2nd
3rd
audio, audire, audivi, auditum 4th
1st audio

5. Present passive 2. Find the verb stem
paro, parare, paravi,paratum 1st
Singular Plural
1st paro para-
2ndpara- para-
3rd para- para-
mitto, mittere, misi, missum 3rd
1st mitto mitti-
2ndmittĒ- mitti-
3rdmitti- mittU-
habeo, habere, habui, habitus 2nd
Singular Plural
1st habeo habe-
2nd habe- habe-
3rd habe- habe-
audio, audire, audivi, auditum 4th
1st audio audi
2nd audi audi
3rd audi audiU

6. Present passive 3. Add passive personal endings
paro, parare, paravi,paratum 1st
Singular Plural
1st paror paramur
2ndpararis paramini
3rd paratur parantur
mitto, mittere, misi, missum 3rd
1st mittor mittimur
2ndmittEris mittimini
3rdmittitur mittuntur
Beware of vowel in 2nd sing.
habeo, habere, habui, habitus 2nd
Singular Plural
1st habeor habemur
2nd haberis habemini
3rd habetur habentur
audio, audire, audivi, auditum 4th
1st audior audimur
2nd audiris audimini
3rd auditur audiuntur

7. Imperfect tense- compare to active voice
paro, parare, paravi,paratum 1st
Singular Plural
1st parabar parabamur
2ndparabaris parabamini
3rd parabatur parabantur
mitto, mittere, misi, missum 3rd
1st mittebar mittebamur
2ndmittebaris mittebamini
3rdmittebatur mittebantur
habeo, habere, habui, habitus 2nd
Singular Plural
1st habebar habebamur
2nd habebaris habebamini
3rd habebatur habebantur
audio, audire, audivi, auditum 4th
1st audiebar audiebamur
2nd audiebaris audiebamini
3rd audiebatur audiebantur

8. Future tense- Compare to active voice
paro, parare, paravi,paratum 1st
Singular Plural
1st parabor parabimur
2ndparabEris parabimini
3rd parabitur parabuntur
mitto, mittere, misi, missum 3rd
1st mittAr mittemur
2ndmitteris mittemini
3rdmittetur mittentur
habeo, habere, habui, habitus 2nd
Singular Plural
1st habebor habebimur
2nd habebEris habebimini
3rd habebitur habebuntur
audio, audire, audivi, auditum 4th
1st audiar audiemur
2nd audieris audiemini
3rd audietur audientur