1. Closed2Open Networking Linux Day 2015 Napoli, October 24 2015 Antonio Pescapè, pescape@unina.it

2. Who am I?  Antonio Pescape'  Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione (DIETI)  University of Napoli ''Federico II''  Via Claudio, 21 - 80125, Napoli (Italy) [Room n. 4.09]  tel. +39 081 7683856 - fax +39 081 7683816  e-mail : pescape@unina.it 2

3. Agenda  From “Closed Networking” to “Open Networking”  Software Defined Networks  Open Network Technologies  A Real Example: Google Data Network  References 3

4. From “Closed Networking” to “Open Networking” 4

5. Million of lines of source code 5400 RFCsBarrier to entry 500M gates 10Gbytes RAM BloatedPower Hungry Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure OSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services, Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, … An industry with a “mainframe-mentality” We have lost our way Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System Operating System App Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, … slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

6. Operating System Reality App Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System Operating System App Lack of competition means glacial innovation Closed architecture means blurry, closed interfaces slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

7. Glacial process of innovation made worse by captive standards process Deployment IdeaStandardize Wait 10 years Driven by vendors Consumers largely locked out Lowest common denominator features Glacial innovation slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

8. Total number of RFCs published 8 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

9. Example: IEEE 802.11Q 9 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

10. Example: specs of an Ethernet Switch 10 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

11. Computing 11 slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

12. Networking 12 slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

13. Computing vs Networking 13 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

14. Software Defined Networks 14

15. Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware App Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware App Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware App Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware App Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System App Network Operating System App Change is happening in non-traditional markets slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

16. App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware 3. Well-defined open API 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source The “Software-defined Network” slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

17. Vision behind SDN 17

18. Slicing the physical network 18 slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

19. Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System 1 Open interface to hardware Virtualization or “Slicing” Layer Network Operating System 2 Network Operating System 3 Network Operating System 4 App Many operating systems, or Many versions Open interface to hardware Isolated “slices” Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

20. Consequences More innovation in network services  Owners, operators, 3 rd party developers, researchers can improve the network  E.g. energy management, data center management, policy routing, access control, denial of service, mobility Lower barrier to entry for competition  Healthier market place, new players slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

21. The change has already started In a nutshell  Driven by cost and control  Started in data centers…. and has spread  Transition is towards an open-source, software-defined network  Growing interest for cellular and telecom networks (5G) Modified slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

22. Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Linux Mac OS Mac OS x86 (Computer) x86 (Computer) Windows (OS) Windows (OS) App Linux Mac OS Mac OS Mac OS Mac OS Virtualization layer App Controller 1 App Controller 2 Controller 2 Virtualization or “Slicing” App OpenFlow Controller 1 NOX (Network OS) NOX (Network OS) Controller 2 Controller 2 Network OS Transition Computer IndustryNetwork Industry Modified slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University

23. Open Network Technologies (not exhaustive) 23

24. Overview of Open Network Technologies 24 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

25.  Typical Network Operating System (switch and/or router) Structured as “black box”  CLI != API Closed development model  Diagnostics “under the hood” difficult to see Complicated management tool chains  SNMP MIB’s… hell  Screen scraping… regex’s change on OS version  Arcane / low adoption scripting languages Not geared for rapid spin-up / spin-down of resources Traditional networking October 16, 201325 slide by Cumulus Networks

26. IP-based networks  Limited adoption - large scale L2, InfiniBand, ATM Configuration management / automation  Monitoring  Policy enforcement  Rapid spin-up / spin-down New breed of applications  East-West vs. North-South flows October 16, 201326 Modern datacenter network roots slide by Cumulus Networks

27. Dominate server platform  Well established ecosystem of distributions, best practices, knowledge  Open well documented API, large selection of language interpreters  Excellent networking support - IPv6, NAT’s, QoS, accounting Vibrant community which fuels rapid innovation Heavy automation frameworks  Open nature has facilitated huge management tool-chain progress October 16, 201327 Linux? slide by Cumulus Networks

28. GNU/Linux is a great fit as the OS for not just servers but also routers and switches in the modern data center In other words… October 16, 2013 28 slide by Cumulus Networks

29. October 16, 201329 Linux as the embedded OS: process and memory mgmt Embedded OS with process and memory mgmt No real OS, while loop Monolithic OS 3 rd Real-time OS Linux-based OS Eg: IOS, CatOS Proprietary routing and switching stack Eg: ION Eg: NX-OS, EOS Eg: Cumulus Linux Linux OS Linux as Network OS: Native routing and switching Proprietary routing and switching stack Proprietary routing and switching stack Network Device Operating System Evolution Modified slide by Cumulus Networks

30. Open Hardware Switches 30 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

31. Open Compute Project 31 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

32. Open Network Install Environment (1/2) 32 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

33. Open Network Install Environment (2/2) 33 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

34. FaceBook Wedge 6-Pack open hardware modular switch 34

35. Edge-Core White Label Switches 35 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

36. DELL ONIE Switches 36 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

37. OpenNSL 37 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

38. OF-DPA 38 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

39. Open Network Linux 39 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

40. Emerging Open Switch Ecosystems 40 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

41. Apple 41 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

42. Facebook and Mellanox 42 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

43. HP and Microsoft 43 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

44. A Real Example: Google Data Network 44

45. Google Data Network 45 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

46. Google Data Network 46 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

47. Google Data Network: Google Open Flow Switch 47 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

48. Google Data Network 48 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

49. Google Data Network: almost 100% utilization 49 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

50. Google Data Network 50 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet

51. References/Credits 51 This talk contains slides or ideas from the following sources: Ronal van der pol, Emerging Software Defined Networking & Open APIs Ecosystem, March 2015 Ronal van der pol, Abstractions and Open APIs in Networking, April 2015 Nick McKneown, Software-defined Networks, October 2009 Over coming traditional network limitations with open source, Cumulus Networks This talk and/or part of it can be used freely.

52. Thank you for your attention! 52 Any Questions? ?