1. Vocabulary Stems The base to your language!

2. It gives you a leg to stand on!

3. Vocabulary Origins English is the mixture of many languages. Its origins are Greek, Latin, French, Old English, and Middle English. English is a living language so it is constantly changing.

4. Stems Beginnings – prefixes Roots – bases Endings – suffixes Add them up to make words. Example: in (into) + spec (look) + tion (act or state ) = inspection (to look into)

5. Vocabulary Words 10-1

6. Mit – sent(Latin) Intermittent – intermitente – stopping and starting between intervals. Mitigate- mitigar – to lessen in force or intensity, as with grief, harshness, or pain Remit – mandato – to send back Example: During the intermittent rain, I hoped to mitigate the loss of our dog in between showers by remitting his ashes to the pond where he liked to swim.

7. Prim – first (Latin) Primal – primaria – original Primeval – primitivo – of or pertaining to the first age or ages Primitive – primitivo – being of the first or earliest in kind or existence. Example: Primitive man made the primal cave drawings during the primeval or earliest known time periods.

8. Proto – first (Latin) Protocol – protocolo – the first of a document Protohistory – protohistoria – the study of a culture before its recorded history Protolithic – protolithic – relating to the very beginning of the Stone Age. Example: During the Protolithic time period, there was not protocol, written history, only a oral history, which is protohistory.

9. Tain – hold (Latin) Abstain – abstenerse – to hold oneself back Detain - detener - to hold down Sustain – mantener – to support or hold Example: To abstain from serious physical relationships, not only sustains one’s self respect, it detains serious physical and emotional problems.

10. Vert – turn (Latin) Incontrovertible – incontrovertible – not open to question or dispute Revert – volver – to turn back Subvert – subvertir – to over thrown; to ruin; to turn against. Example: In a desire to subvert the king’s rule, the revolutionaries presented incontrovertible evidence that the king couldn’t argue, proving he wanted to revert the citizens rights, making them slaves.

11. Crazy Words Prim + vert = first turn Example: I must take the primvert on the left to go to his neighborhood. Proto + tain = first hold Example: Bob dropped his prototain and was thrown from the bull. Prim + mit = first send Example: Primmitting a man into space was important during the 1960s.