1. Knowledge Translation I. A Brief History

2. Formal Definition of KT Knowledge translation was first defined as “the exchange, synthesis and ethically sound application of knowledge -- within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users -- to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research for Canadians through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system” Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 2000

3. Translated Definition of KT KT is getting the right information to the right people at the right time.

4. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Evidence-based medicine is defined as “the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.” See an article and a video of an oral history of EBM BMJ 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g371http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g371 Videos at http://ebm.jamanetwork.comhttp://ebm.jamanetwork.com

5. KT & The Knowledge Gap KT was seen initially as a “response to the perception of the gap between was known to work through rigorous research and what medical professionals and practitioners continued to do in daily practice.” http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/157/

6. Expert Opinion vs. EBM Clinical practice, was (and still is to some extent) modelled by “experts” – the highly regarded practitioners and teachers whose opinions and beliefs about treatment are followed by colleagues and students.

7. Knowledge Users Knowledge users used to be clinicians and scientists With widespread use of the World Wide Web, the definition of knowledge users has changed Consumers began to want a say in their own care Knowledge translation involves input from consumers, too.

8. The Cochrane Collaboration One of the first initiatives to disseminate the results of systematic reviews of health studies Available on disk by subscription between 1989- 1992 Became available online in 1996 It maintains a huge library of up-to-date reviews, which are free to anyone with Internet access

9. EBM & Equity Treatment should be based on the best available evidence that it works and is safe for an individual, and not on where that individual lives, or on the personal biases of those treating that individual

10. The Message Clinical, social, and research factors drove the demand for methods to spread evidence-based medicine. The Internet allowed for wide dissemination of research findings -- and misinformation, too.

11. Resources CanChild KTE resources http://kte.canchild.ca/en/index.asp The Cochrane Collaboration http://www.cochranelibrary.com/ Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/157/ Oral history of EBM : BMJ 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g371http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g371 Videos at http://ebm.jamanetwork.comhttp://ebm.jamanetwork.com