1. AP Biology Russell Chapter 2: Life, Chemistry and Water

2. Life, Chemistry and Water  Why it matters….  Carbon based life forms  Cells  Water Planet  Properties of water; blood; cytoplasm  Biomolecules  Carbon compounds, enzymes, energy  Bioremediation – selenium example

3. 2.1 The Organization of Matter  Elements  KEY = C, H, N, O for total of 96%  Next = Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg – 4%  “CHOPKINS Ca Fe Mg Na”  Trace elements = < 0.01 %  Iodine example  See tables pg 23  Matter – mass, weight, volume  Atom, Molecule, Formula, Compounds  molarity

4. 2.2 Atomic Structure  Proton – atomic number  Neutron – isotopes  Mass number, Daltons/ amu  Radioactivity  tracers  Electron – orbital/energy level  Valence electrons – reactivity  Stability  Bonds (Covalent, ionic, hydrogen)  electronegativity

5. 2.3 Chemical Bonds and Chemical Reactions  Ionic Bonds  Electrical attraction in many directions  Gain/lose electrons  Anions (-) and cations (+)  *** calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron  Covalent Bonds  Share valence electrons,  Polar/ non polar  Hydrophilic, hydrophobic  Chains and rings are backbones of C biomolecules ***  Hydrogen Bonds  Properties of water  Stability of large 3D molecules  Not stable at high temps  Chemical Reactions  Atoms and molecules interact to form / break bonds  Reactants  Products  Limiting reagent  Equations  equilibrium

6. Discuss, Design and Data  Discuss the concepts #1-4 pg. 40  Rest of pg. 41