1. In what ways can we change materials?
Material Processing
In what ways can we change materials?

2. Introduction to Material Processing
Essential Questions:
Identify manufacturing processes as primary and secondary
List and discuss major steps in manufacturing processes
Define secondary and primary processes

3. Material Processing
Material processing - changing the size, shape, and look of materials to fit human needs.
Changing the form of materials take 3 steps:
Obtaining natural resources
Producing industrial materials
Making finished products
Look around the room – what do you see that has changed from its original state to make a product?

4. Obtaining Resources Methods to obtain resources:
Mining – digging the material from the earth my means of hole or tunnel
Drilling – pumping material from below the earth’s surface through a narrow shaft
Harvesting – cutting a mature, renewable resource from the land

5. Primary Processing Primary Processes
Primary processing methods (1st step in changing the form of materials):
Thermal – using heat to change the properties of materials. Hot ores make a chemical reaction that separates metals from impurities.
Mechanical – materials are cut or crushed. Trees are cut into lumber, veneer, and chips. Rocks are crushed into gravel. They use mechanical force to change the resource.
Chemical – use chemical reactions to refine raw materials. Plastics formed by chemical reactions and simple compounds are combined to form complex polymer chains called plastics.
Primary Processes
Thermal
Steel making
Cooper smelting
Zinc smelting
Lead smelting
Chemical
Aluminum refining
Polymer formation
Gold refining
Papermaking
Leather tanning
Mechanical
Lumber manufacture
Plywood manufacture
Particleboard making
Rock crushing

6. Secondary Processing
Secondary processing – secondary processes produce finished products.
Leather is made into shoes
Lumber is made into a furniture and houses
Types of secondary processes:
Casting and molding – pouring or forcing liquid material into a mold. The material becomes solid and is removed.
Forming – using force to cause a material to permanently shape. A die, mold, or roll is used to shape the material.
Separating – changing a material’s size and shape by removing excess material. The materials is cut or sheared in the process.
Conditioning – using heat , mechanical force, or chemical action to change the internal properties of a material
Assembling – temporarily or permanently holding two or more parts together
Finishing – Protecting or improving the appearance of the surface of a material

7. Summary Primary Processes Secondary Processes Raw Materials Drilling
Mining
Harvesting
Thermal Processes
Chemical Processes
Mechanical Proc.
Casting and Molding
Separating
Forming
Industrial Goods
Conditioning
Assembling
Finishing
Finished Goods
Are obtained by
into
And are converted by
Which are changed by
Primary Processes
Secondary Processes