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Please take out module 25 for check-off! Get a computer
APES 12.3 and 12.4 Please take out module 25 for check-off! Get a computer
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Module 25 Multiple Choice
D- acid rain only causes chemical weathering. Erosion is a natural process E- main soil formation factors are climate, parent material, topography, organisms, time D- correct horizon order is OAEBC A- clay isn’t as permeable and won’t allow as much water to seep out E- aluminum would lower the base saturation because (Al and H are the main soil acids) E- tailings are the waste materials from mining
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End of Chapter MC D- heavier elements make up the earth’s core and lighter elements are towards the surface C- after the core, the order of layers is mantle, asthenosphere, lithosphere, soil E- all 3 are evidence of Pangaea E- subsurface mining is most dangerous to miners because of build up of toxic gases and chance for collapses E- each step up the richter scale is 10x more powerful (like the pH scale!)
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End of Chapter MC 6. D- plate move laterally at transform plate boundaries 7. C- subduction occurs at convergent boundaries 8. B- seafloor spreading occurs at divergent boundaries 9. E- an epicenter is the point above an earthquake 10. E- fossils are found in sedimentary rock 11. C- extrusive igneous rock comes from cooling of magma, so it must be on the ocean floor where magma comes up (best answer) 12. A- soil DOES change constantly 13. C- the B horizon is subsoil
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Homework Accuracy Check
Module 24: From #19: what are some unique characteristics of igneous rock? Module 25: b. Write down your answer to #7 c. Define two different mining methods
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Finish Rock Cycle Notes
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Soil Formation and Properties
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Soil Formation The type of soil found in an ecosystem is determined by: Parent material (underlying rock) Climate (affects amount of decomp., types of vegetation) Topography (losing/gaining sediment from erosion) Organisms (decomposers, detritivores, etc.) Time (usually more time = more nutrients)
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Soil Formation
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Soil’s profile is made up of several distinct horizontal layers called Horizons
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O Horizon – “Organic” Layer, contains dead/decomposing plants & animals; supplies nutrients for the soil A & E Horizon – Topsoil (darker brown); where majority of roots located, thickness dependent on amount of decomposed material B Horizon – Subsoil (Lighter/Cinnamon) ; materials from A & O deposited, few roots C Horizon – Parent material (gray); weathering of this horizon creates upper horizons
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Leaching and Accumulation
ion/collections/soil_horizons.html From the top Decomposition and the leaching of water through the soil move nutrients From the bottom Weathering causes the parent material to break apart
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Soil Profile O Eluviation/Zone of Leaching – water percolates down the soil, transporting materials. Happens in Horizons A & E A E Illuviation/Zone of Accumulation – where transported materials are deposited. Happens in Horizon B. B C
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Soil Analysis Lab Which soil horizon will you be testing?
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Soil Texture Find 40% Sand 45% Silt 15% Clay Loam Mixture of all 3
Really only need to find 2 of the 3 points. 3rd point acts as a clarifier Sandy loam would be a mixture of all 3, that has a significantly higher percentage of sand
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Soil Lab Steps Read introduction and do pre-lab q’s
Lab 1- Soil Texture a.(do the quantitative “feel” test and the quantitative soil triangle test) b. Answer the analysis q’s as homework! 3. Lab 2- Soil Porosity (percent pore space) Read the background and examine the rock samples first Do the porosity procedure and calculation (see formula in the background)
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Soil Lab Steps Lab 3- Soil Percolation
Read the background and answer the pre- lab questions Do the test using your phone for a timer Lab 4- Soil pH Use the pH probes instead of test strips
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Eastern WA soil is more suited for farming than Western WA. Why?
No glaciers sandy soil that weathers easily Hotter Speeds up decomposition Less dense canopy more water hits soil and soaks in Grasslands Easily decompose Western WA Glaciers Gravel and silt Colder Slower decomposition Dense canopy A lot of rain caught in trees Conifers Needles very acidic and don’t decompose
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Due Next Time ALL of Soil Lab!
(Pre-lab, data, analysis questions all in lab book!)
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