1. The Urinary System سیستم بولی
EO Part 10

2. Lesson Overview نکات تدریسی
Structure of the Urinary System
Anatomy and physiology of the kidney
Renal physiology
Kidney function and medication dosing
Disorders of the urinary system
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اناتومی و فزیولوژی کلیه ها
مرور بر فزیولوژی کلیوی
تشوشات سیستم بولی - عدم تعادل هیموستاتیک.

3. The Urinary System سیستم بولی
کلیه راست
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حالب راست
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مثانه
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احلیل

4. Overview of Kidney Functions مرور وظایف کلیه
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Filters the blood, removing waste products and foreign substances such as medications. The kidney produces urine which allows the body to excrete these substances. The kidney can also remove water from the blood allowing it to effect blood volume and blood pressure. The human body has two kidneys. It is possible to live with just one kidney.

5. Blood Flow to and from the Kidney (Insert Dari)
Blood flows to the kidney via the descending branch of the aorta and renal artery.
Once the blood has been filtered and waste products removed, the blood returns to normal circulation via renal vein and the inferior vena cava.
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Renal Artery
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Kidney
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Renal Vein
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Descending branch of aorta
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Inferior vena cava
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6. Kidney Filtration (Insert Dari)
The outer portion of the kidney is called the cortex and the inner portion the medulla.
Within the medulla the nephrons are found.
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7. Nephron (Insert Dari)
A nephron is the basic structural and functional component of the kidney. The nephron reabsorbs what is needed by the body. What is not needed by the body is excreted in the urine. The is also how medications are removed by the body.

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9. Urine Pathway (Insert Dari)
ادرار از هردو کلیه به حالب و مثانه جاری شده و بعدآ از طریق احلیل به به خارج اطراح میشود
Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra.
کلیه راست
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حالب راست
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مثانه
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احلیل

10. Bladder (Insert Dari)
The bladder is the structure responsible for storing the urine prior to it being removed from the body. Insert Dari
Bladder
مثانه

11. Urination (Insert Dari)
Urination is the release of urine from the bladder.
Nerve impulses signal the bladder to contract and for the urethral sphincter to relax, opening the urethra and allowing urine to pass.
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12. Impact of Kidney Function on Medication Dosing (Insert Dari)
Clearance of substances from the blood is important in drug dosing. If a patient has kidney disease it takes the kidney longer to remove substances from the blood (filtration). Certain medications will require dose adjustments based on the results of a kidney function test (bloodwork).
تصفیه پلازما کلیوی مواد از خون در ملی لیتر/فی دقیقه( در دوز های دوائی مهم میباشد
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AFAMS

13. Disorders of Urinary System تشوشات سیستم بولی
انتانات طرق بولی
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عدم کفایه کلیوی
Urinary tract infections
Urinary Incontinence
Renal failure
Dialysis

14. Urinary Tract Infections (Insert Dari)
An infection that occurs in the urinary tract. Most commonly the urethra. Women are more likely to have urinary tract infections. Symptoms include painful urination and frequent and urgent need to urinate.
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15. Urinary Incontinence عدم اقتدار بول
Lack of voluntary control over urination
Stress incontinence in adults
caused by increases in abdominal pressure that result in leaking of urine from the bladder
coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, walking
injury to the nerves, loss of bladder flexibility, or damage to the sphincter
عدم کنترول ارادی فعل تبول
عدم اقتدار بول فشاری در نزد کاهلان
از سبب افزایش فشاری بطنی که در نتیجه تراوش ادرار از مثانه میگردد
سرفه کردن ، عطسه زدن ، خندیدن ، تمرین کردن ، قدم زدن
صدمه عصب ، ضیاع انعطاف پزیری مثانه یا مجروح شدن معصره

16. Renal Failure (Insert Dari)
A condition where the kidneys are unable to adequately remove waste from the blood. This usually results in a patient needing to receive dialysis therapy (see next slide).

17. Dialysis Therapy تداوی دیالیز
Kidney function is so impaired the blood must be cleansed artificially
Artificial kidney machine performs hemodialysis (cleaning of the blood).
directly filters blood because blood flows through tubing surrounded by dialysis solution
cleansed blood flows back into the body
Note: If a patient is receiving hemodialysis they will require adjustments in their medication dosages by a pharmacist.
وظایف کلیه مختل شده و خون باید به صورت مصنوعی تصفیه شود
ماشین های مصنوعی کلیه هیمودیالیز را انجام میدهد
خون را به صورت مستقیم فلتر مینماید زیرا خون از طریق تیوب های که به وسیله محلول دیالیز احاطه شده جریان مینماید
خون تصفیه شده دوباره به عضویت بر گشت مینماید
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AFAMS

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19. Questions? (Insert Dari)

20. In-class Assignment (Insert Dari)

21. 1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? (Insert Dari)
Control blood volume
Control blood pressure
Remove waster from the blood
Provide oxygen to the blood
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22. 1. Answer: Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? (Insert Dari)
Control blood volume
Control blood pressure
Remove waster from the blood
Provide oxygen to the blood
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23. 2. Identify the following structures (Insert Dari)
کلیه راست
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حالب راست
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مثانه
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احلیل

24. 2. Answer: (Insert Dari) احلیل کلیه راست Insert Dari حالب راست
کلیه راست
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حالب راست
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مثانه
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احلیل

25. 3. Which of following is the basic structural and functional component of the kidney? (Insert Dari)
Neuron
Nephron
Cortex
Medulla
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26. 3. Which of following is the basic structural and functional component of the kidney? (Insert Dari)
Neuron
Nephron
Cortex
Medulla
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27. 4. Fill in the blank: If a patient has kidney disease it will take _________ to remove a drug from the body, compared to a patient without kidney disease? (Insert Dari)

28. Answer: 4. Fill in the blank: If a patient has kidney disease it will take longer to remove a drug from the body, compared to a patient without kidney disease? (Insert Dari)

29. 5. True or False? A urinary tract infection is best defined as loss of control of urination.

30. 5. Answer: False A urinary tract infection is an infection that occurs in the urinary tract (usually the urethra). Loss of control of urination is best defined as urinary incontinence. (Insert Dari)