1. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Fraud Examination Chapter 3 Fighting Fraud: An Overview

2. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. To the Student  You should now understand the various types of fraud and fraud- fighting careers as well as those who commit fraud and why they do it. This chapter is a transition chapter to introduce you to the various ways in which organizations deal with fraud. The most cost-effective fraud-fighting activities involve preventing fraud from occurring.  The second most cost-effective fraud-fighting activities involve implementing proactive approaches to detect fraud early, before it has a chance to grow.  Once fraud has been detected (or there is predication that fraud might be occurring), organizations undertake various types of fraud investigation methods.

3. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. To the Student  After fraud has been investigated and the perpetrators are known, various types of legal action are possible. This chapter provides an over view of each of these activities. We then provide detailed coverage of these topics in the later chapters of this book.  Essentially, this chapter provides an overview of the remainder of the book.

4. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Learning Objectives  Become familiar with the different ways that organizations fight fraud.  Understand the importance of fraud prevention.  Understand how to create a culture of honesty and high ethics.  Understand why hiring the right kind of employees can greatly reduce the risk of fraud.  Understand how to assess and mitigate the risk of fraud.  Understand the importance of early fraud detection.  Understand the different approaches to fraud investigation.  Be familiar with the different options for legal action that can be taken once fraud has occurred.

5. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. How Organizations Fight Fraud Organizations fight fraud by implementing: 1.Fraud prevention 2.Early fraud detection 3.Fraud investigation 4.Legal action and/or resolution Preventing fraud is generally the most cost-effective way to reduce losses from fraud.

6. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Fraud Prevention Creating a Culture of Honesty & High Ethics Five critical elements: 1.Make sure top management models appropriate behavior 2.Hire the right kind of employees 3.Communicate expectations and require periodic written acceptance to the expectations 4.Create a positive work environment 5.Develop and maintain policies for handling fraud

7. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Fraud Prevention Eliminate Fraud Opportunities Organizations should:  Identify and measure fraud risks  Implement preventative and detective controls  Create widespread monitoring by employees  Have internal and external auditors

8. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Early Fraud Detection Three Primary Ways to Detect Fraud 1.By chance 2.By providing “whistle-blowing” systems 3.By data mining In the past, most frauds were detected by accident.

9. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Fraud Investigation  The first approach to fraud investigation is the evidence square.  How is the evidence square useful in thinking about fraud investigation?

10. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Fraud Investigation A second approach to fraud investigation is to focus on the two different fraud triangles.

11. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Follow-Up Legal Action Civil Action The purpose of civil action is to recover money or other assets from the fraud perpetrators and others associated with the fraud. Criminal Action Criminal action can only be brought by law enforcement or statutory agencies.

12. Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Follow-Up Legal Action  It is much more difficult to get a criminal conviction than it is to get a judgment in a civil case.