1. Renewable Phenalkamide Epoxy Curing Agents for High Performance & Cost-effective Solvent-free Coatings
Hong Xu, Mengjiu Chen
Cardolite Corporation
Oct. 27th, 2015

2. Contents Background CNSL technology Phenalkamide technology
Solvent-free phenalkamides
– LITE 3040
– LITE 3060
Conclusions

3. Greener Coating Environmental awareness Stringent regulations Low VOC
High solids/solvent free
Higher bio-content
Non-toxic
Cost efficient
Excellent performance
CNSL technology

4. CNSL
Distillation
Various products
Cashew Nut
Cardanol
CNSL technology

5. Benefits of both worlds
Fast cure
Extended overcoat
Surface tolerance
Flexibility
Low viscosity
Phenalkamine
Technology
Phenalkamide
Technology
Polyamide
Technology
Long potlife
Water resistance
Color stability
Corrosion protection
Cost effective
Low temperature cure
A new category of renewable epoxy curing agents designed to provide coating formulators with the benefits of both polyamides and phenalkamines in ONE PRODUCT.

6. Naturally Great
Phenalkamides use natural, renewable, non-food chain CNSL as their core building block.
Low viscosity, solvent free and compatibility with a broad range of epoxy resins help formulate high solids coatings with lower VOC
Meet stringent environment and health regulations without compromising quality

7. LITE 3040 Cure properties Film appearance Early water resistance
Flexibility
Mechanical properties
Intercoat adhesion
Corrosion protection

8. Solvent free Polyamide
Typical Properties
Properties
LITE 3040
Solvent free Polyamide
Color (Gardner)
≤ 11
Viscosity, cps
4, ,000
11,560
Amine value (mg KOH/g)
AHEW (theoretical)
118 97
Recommended use level (phr)
50 – 70
(55 recommended)
Gel 55phr (min)
110
158

9. Hardness Development with Epon 828
Much faster hardness development at lower temperature and high humidity

10. Film appearance @ 10°C & 92% RH
Solvent-free
Polyamide
LITE 3040
Better film and compatibility with liquid epoxy resin

11. Solvent-free Polyamide
Flexibility
Systems
Mandrel Bend
Direct impact
(lbs)
Reverse impact
Solvent-free Polyamide
1/8”, good
150 80
LITE 3040 90 60
Epon 828 system, phr=55
30 minutes induction time
WFT =5 mils over CRS
7 days RT cure
Good flexibility

12. Early Water Resistance
#12 = 8 hrs
Solvent-free
Polyamide
LITE 3040
Better early water resistance
30 minutes induction time
WFT = 8 mils over CRS panels
Water drops close to every hour (starting at point 1)
Cured at 25°C

13. Mechanical Properties
LITE 3040
Tensile strength (Mpa)
44.2
Flexural strength (Mpa) 97
Compressive strength (Mpa) 77
Elongation (%) at break
10.8
Water absorption (%)
0.79

14. Intercoat adhesion @ RT5B
Polyamide
LITE3040
1day
14day
10day
7day
3day
First white layer: polyamide/LITE3040 primer, different dry RT
Second black layer: PU topcoat, 1 day dry RT before tape adhesion tests
Very good intercoat adhesion at RT cure condition

15. Intercoat adhesion @ 5˚C0B 4B 3B 1B
Polyamide
LITE3040
1day
14day
10day
7day
3day
First white layer: polyamide/LITE3040 primer, different dry 5˚C
Second black layer: PU topcoat, 3 days dry 5˚C before tape adhesion tests
Much better intercoat adhesion properties
at low temperatures

16. Good corrosion protection
Salt 500 hr, ~150µm DFT
Solvent-free Polyamide
LITE 3040
Good corrosion protection

17. LITE 3040 Faster cure and hardness development
Better film appearance at extreme conditions
Superb early water resistance
Balanced mechanical properties
Very good intercoat adhesion
Good corrosion protection

18. LITE 3060 Cure properties Color stability
Adhesion over different substrates
Corrosion protection
Adhesion over dry/wet concrete blocks

19. Polyamidoamine adduct
Typical Properties
Properties
LITE 3060
Polyamidoamine adduct #1 #2
Color (Gardner)
≤ 10
Viscosity, cps
,000
,000
,300
Amine value
(mg KOH/g)
AHEW (theoretical)
104
115
Recommended
use level (phr) 55
~60
Gel 55phr (mins)
35-55 78 50
Solvent No
Benzyl alcohol

20. Faster dry time with liquid epoxy resin
Cure time with DER 331
Faster dry time with liquid epoxy resin
No induction time, WFT=8mils

21. Hardness Development @ 5˚C
Much faster hardness development
at low temperature

22. 100% solids formulation – Base #A
Material
Base #A
DER 331 (BisA type epoxy resin)
35.5
UL 513 (diluent)
6.2
DISPERBYK 111 (dispersant)
1.4
TIPURE R-706 (pigment)
6.7
Zeosphere G600 (filler)
16.9
Wollastonite 10ES (filler)
17.5
Cimbar EX (filler)
15.7
BYK 085 (defoamer)
0.03
BYK 361 N (leveling agent)
0.05
Total base
100.00
Polyamidoamine #1 / Necires EPX-L2
23.3/11.7
Polyamidoamine #2 /Necires EPX-L2
LITE 3060/Necires EPX-L2
21.2/10.6
%vol NVM
100
%PVC
20.5
Amine/Epoxy
1.00

23. 100% solids formulation – Base #B
Material
Base #B
DER 353 (BisA/F diluted epoxy)
42.1
DISPERBYK 111 (dispersant)
1.7
Nicron 302 Talc
8.4
Wollastonite 10 ES (filler)
7.4
Imsil A-25 silica (filler)
15.4
TIPURE R-706 (pigment)
13.7
Cimbar EX (filler)
10.5
BYK 085 (defoamer)
0.2
BYK 358 N (leveling)
0.6
Total base
100.00
Poly A #1/#2/#3/#4
24.8
LITE 3060
22.6
%vol NVM
100
%PVC
21.2
Amine/Epoxy
1.00

24. Color Stability
Good color stability

25. Better gloss retention and no chalking

26. Panel images Much better gloss retention No surface chalking
After 168 hrs QUV A exposure
PolyA #1
PolyA #2
LITE 3060
ΔE = 7.13
20° = 1.4
60° = 8.1
85° = 27.9
ΔE = 10.72
20° = 1.3
60° = 11.3
85° = 49.4
ΔE = 9.79
20° = 58.4
60° = 91.9
85° = 94.9
Much better gloss retention
No surface chalking

27. Good anti-corrosion performance
Salt spray – 2000 hrs
PolyA #1
PolyA #2
LITE 3060
Good anti-corrosion performance
Base #A system
20 minutes induction time
DFT = ~ 9 mils over SA2.5 panels
7 days RT cure

28. Modified Polyamidoamines
Typical Properties
Properties
LITE 3060
Modified Polyamidoamines #3 #4
Color (Gardner)
≤ 10
Viscosity, cps
,000
,900
Amine value
(mg KOH/g)
333
AHEW (theoretical)
104
115
Recommended
use level (phr)
~55
~60
Gel (mins) 48
57.7
100
Benzyl alcohol
Free

29. Adhesion over rusted panel
Rusted S-36 panels 5B 5B 5B
PolyA #3
PolyA #4
LITE 3060
Base #B system
20 minutes induction time
WFT = 6 mils over rusted S-36 panels
7 days RT cure
Good adhesion to rusted panels

30. Good adhesion to CRS panels
Adhesion over CRS 4B 3B 5B
PolyA #3
PolyA #4
LITE 3060
CRS panels
Base #B system
20 minutes induction time
WFT = 6 mils over CRS
7 days RT cure
Good adhesion to CRS panels

31. Adhesion over Al alloy panel
AA 2024 T3 5B 5B 5B
PolyA #3
PolyA #4
LITE 3060
Base #B system
20 minutes induction time
WFT = 6 mils over AA 2024 T3
7 days RT cure
Good adhesion to AA 2024 T3 substrate

32. Shore D tests
PolyA #3
PolyA #4
LITE 3060

33. Quick walkability development in first day at 25°C
Shore 25˚C
Walk on
Poly A #3
Poly A #4
LITE 3060
Quick walkability development in first day at 25°C
Base #B
20 mins induction time
Al pan, sample weight = 8 g

34. Quick walkability development at low temperature
Shore 10˚C + 92%R.H.
Walk on
Poly A #3
Poly A #4
LITE 3060
Quick walkability development at low temperature
Base #B
20 mins induction time
Al pan, sample weight = 8 g

35. Quick walkability development at low temperature
Shore 5˚C
Walk on
Poly A #3
Poly A #4
LITE 3060
Quick walkability development at low temperature
Base #B
20 mins induction time
Al pan, sample weight = 8 g

36. Concrete
Dry concrete blocks: stored at RT and ~50%R.H. conditions before applying a coating. RT cure.
Damp concrete blocks: submersed in tap water for 24 hours, then removed from water bath. Use a paper towel to remove the standing water before applying a coating, RT cure.
Wet concrete blocks: submersed in tap water for 24 hours, placed in a basin with tap water level under 1/2 inch from the block surface. Use a paper towel to remove the standing water before applying a coating. The coated blocks remained in water during the curing period.

37. Pull off tests over concretes
High strength concrete blocks: Dry and Wet concrete blocks
Flooring primer: Base #B + curing agents with 20 mins induction
Applications: Drawn down via WFT = 25 mils
Cure conditions: 7 RT (wet concretes in water basin)
Pull off tests: PosiTest AT-A automatic adhesion tester

38. Pull off adhesion after 7 day cure, MPa
Base #B system
Pull off adhesion after 7 day cure, MPa
Dry
concrete blocks
Wet
Failure mode
Poly A #2
4.9
3.5
Concrete failure
Poly A #3
5.2
Poly A #4
4.8
4.3
LITE 3060
3.9
Concrete failure
Good adhesion on wet and dry concrete substrates, failure mode is on concrete blocks

39. LITE 3060 Low viscosity for 100% solids formulation
Fast cure and hardness development especially at low temperatures
Excellent early walkability
Good color and gloss stability
Superb adhesion over different substrates
Excellent adhesion over dry/wet concrete blocks

40. Novel phenalkamides LITE 3040 & LITE 3060
Low viscosity & benzyl alcohol free
Non-toxic labeling
Fast cure and hardness development
Good early water resistance
Superb adhesion over different type substrates and PU topcoat
Enable true solvent-free formulations without compromising quality

41. Thank you!
Any questions?