3. Mutualism Both species benefit “+ +” relationship Examples – Ants protect aphids that provide them food – Clown fish / sea anemones

5. Predation Predator – hunter Prey – hunted “+ -” Examples – Wolf hunts rabbits – Bear / salmon

7. Parasitism Organism lives on or near another causing harm Host provides resources to parasite “+ -” Examples – Fleas / larger mammals – Tapeworms in intestines of large mammals

9. Competition Organisms use same resources “+ -” Examples – Birds feeding on same foods – Mountain goats attracting mates

11. Commensalism One benefits / other not affected “+ 0” Examples – Orchids living on trees in tropical forests – Barnacles on whales

12. See if you can identify the ecological interactions and the +, -, or 0 relationships shown in the following pictures…

13. 1

14. 2

15. 3

16. 4

17. 5

18. Answers 1 – Parasitism (+-) 2 – Mutualism (++) 3 – Competition (+-) 4 – Commensalism (+0) 5 – Predation (+-)