1. Business Functions and Organisation

2. Business Functions Human Resources Sales and Marketing
Research and Development
Production/Operations
Customer Service
Finance and Accounts
Administration and IT

3. Human Resources Recruitment and retention Dismissal Redundancy
Job descriptions
Person Specifications
Dismissal
Redundancy
Motivation
Professional development and training
Health and safety and conditions at work
Liaison with trade unions

4. Sales and Marketing Market research Promotion strategies
Pricing strategies
Sales strategies
The sales team
Product – advice on new product development, product improvement, extension strategies, target markets

5. Research and Development
New product development
Product improvements
Competitive advantage
Value added
Product testing
Efficiency gains
Cost savings

6. Finance and Accounts Cash flow Preparing accounts Raising finance
Monitoring income/revenue
Monitoring expenditure
Preparing accounts
Raising finance
Shares
Loans
Links with all other functional areas

7. Production/Operations
Acquiring resources
Planning output – labour, capital, land
Monitoring costs
Projections on future output
Production methods
Batch
Flow
Job
Cell
Efficiency

8. Customer Service Monitoring distribution After-sales service
Handling consumer enquiries
Offering advice to consumers
Dealing with customer complaints
Publicity and public relations

9. Administration and IT
Managing estates – cleaning, health and safety, maintenance, security
Reception
Clerical work – reporting, recording, record keeping, communication
Overview of quality control
Use of IT systems

10. Organisation Charts Hierarchical Structure Managing Director Marketing
Finance Director
Sales Director A B C D
Market
Research
Strategy
Purchasing
Manager
Sales
Manager
Accounts
Manager

11. Organisation Charts Pyramidal Structure MD Senior Management
Middle Management
Pyramidal Structure
Senior
Management
Workers

12. Organisation Charts
Centralised/Entrepreneurial

13. Organisation Charts
Collaborative

14. Organisation Charts
Circular/Flat

15. Organisation Charts Matrix Structure Marketing Sales R&D Project HR
Production
Finance

16. Organisation Charts Changes to business structures
Linked to new thinking on leadership and management
Less hierarchical
Emphasis on communication and collaboration between sections
Global businesses – more complex structures