1. Weathering MechanicalandChemical

2. What Caused This?

3. What is Weathering?

4. What is Mechanical Weathering? What is Mechanical Weathering? Physical Breaking down of rock into smaller pieces without any change in the chemical composition of the rockPhysical Breaking down of rock into smaller pieces without any change in the chemical composition of the rock –Sometimes called “physical” weathering –Rock is torn apart by physical force, rather than by chemical breakdown –Smaller pieces do not move to a new location until erosion carries them away

5. Mechanical - Ice Wedging  Ice Wedging –Water fills joints of rocks and freezes –Water expands 10% when it freezes, pushes rock apart –Repeated freeze and thaw cycles over the years causes rock to break along joint

6. Mechanical - Exfoliation Exfoliation or unloadingExfoliation or unloading –Rock breaks off into sheets along joints which are parallel to the surface –Caused by expansion of rock due to uplift and removal of surface material that originally buried the rock

7. Mechanical - Thermal Thermal expansionThermal expansion –Repeated daily heating and cooling of rock –Heat causes expansion; cooling causes contraction –Different minerals expand and contract at different rates causing the rock to split

8. Mechanical – Biotic Force Biotic – means lifeBiotic – means life –Weathering caused by living organisms –Plant roots act as a wedge and widen cracks –Other causes of biotic weathering are digging animals, microscopic plants and animals, algae and fungi.

9. What is Chemical Weathering? Breaking down of rock into smaller pieces because a chemical change. Change in chemical composition of the rockBreaking down of rock into smaller pieces because a chemical change. Change in chemical composition of the rock –Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart –Chemical weathering occurs in all types of rock –Rock reacts with water, gases and solutions

10. Chemical - Oxidation Oxidation - oxygen combines with other elements in rocks to form new types of rockOxidation - oxygen combines with other elements in rocks to form new types of rock –New substances are usually much softer than original, easier for other forces to break rock apart –Causes a “rusting” of the rock, often causes a color change in the rock

11. Chemical - Carbonation Carbonation – Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is dissolved in water making carbonic acidCarbonation – Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is dissolved in water making carbonic acid –Weak acid is formed when CO 2 in the air mixes with rain. This is the same acid found in soft drinks. –Weak acid is formed when CO 2 in the air mixes with rain. This is the same acid found in soft drinks. –Acid is too weak to harm plants and animals but slowly causes feldspars and limestone to decompose