1. Raynaud’s Phenomenon Helen Kline Scottish Radiology Society

2. What Is Raynaud’s Phenomenon???  The discoloration of fingers and/or toes  More serious form of disease  The discoloration of fingers and/or toes  More serious form of disease Copyright (c) 1996 - 2005, WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved

3. Primary Raynauds  Most common form of Raynauds skin disorder  No underlying disease or associated medical problem  Most common form of Raynauds skin disorder  No underlying disease or associated medical problem Cedars-Sinai

4. Who’s at Risk???  Usually begins between 15 years old and 40 years old  More common in women than men  Usually begins between 15 years old and 40 years old  More common in women than men Static

5. Causes  Exact causes are unknown… Guesses Include:  Nerve control of the blood vessel diameter is abnormal  Nerve sensitivity to cold temperatures  Exact causes are unknown… Guesses Include:  Nerve control of the blood vessel diameter is abnormal  Nerve sensitivity to cold temperatures Medline Plus

6. Symptoms  Swelling, tingling, aching, throbbing  Change in skin color (blue, purple, white)  Numbness  Pain  Sores Episodes last about 15 minutes  Swelling, tingling, aching, throbbing  Change in skin color (blue, purple, white)  Numbness  Pain  Sores Episodes last about 15 minutes ISPUB

7. Conditions Associated with Raynaud’s Phenomenon  Rheumatic diseases  Trauma (frostbite)  Hormonal Imblance  Inderal (blocks a portion of the sympathetic system)  Blenoxane (used in cancer treatments  Nicotine  Rheumatic diseases  Trauma (frostbite)  Hormonal Imblance  Inderal (blocks a portion of the sympathetic system)  Blenoxane (used in cancer treatments  Nicotine

8. Non-Drug Treatment/Prevention  Stay warm  Quit Smoking  Reduce Stress and alcohol consumption  Exercise  Avoids tools that vibrate  See a doctor regularly  Stay warm  Quit Smoking  Reduce Stress and alcohol consumption  Exercise  Avoids tools that vibrate  See a doctor regularly

9. Drug Treatment  calcium-channel blockers: dilate blood vessels  alpha-blockers: the norepinephrine hormone (increases blood pressure)  nitroglycerine paste: heals ulcers  calcium-channel blockers: dilate blood vessels  alpha-blockers: the norepinephrine hormone (increases blood pressure)  nitroglycerine paste: heals ulcers SCLERO

10. IS There a Cure? No cure has been discovered yet…..  A gel is being studied which uses the local production of nitric oxide in involved fingers and toes. The gel may dilate the blood vessels and improve circulation. No cure has been discovered yet…..  A gel is being studied which uses the local production of nitric oxide in involved fingers and toes. The gel may dilate the blood vessels and improve circulation. Mayo Foundation

11. Related Links  Raynaud’s Phenomenon ( great info on what Raynaud from MedicineNet.com) Raynaud’s Phenomenon  Treatment (info on treatment from Medical College of Wisconsin) Treatment  Symptoms (Arthritis Foundation on symptoms) Symptoms  Graphics (awesome pictures from The Internet Journal of Rheumatology) Graphics  Raynaud’s Phenomenon ( great info on what Raynaud from MedicineNet.com) Raynaud’s Phenomenon  Treatment (info on treatment from Medical College of Wisconsin) Treatment  Symptoms (Arthritis Foundation on symptoms) Symptoms  Graphics (awesome pictures from The Internet Journal of Rheumatology) Graphics

12. Related Links  X-ray Graphic (radiology from the Scottish Radiology Society) X-ray Graphic  Blood Constriction (Medline Plus good pictures) Blood Constriction  Mayo Foundation (first hand stories) Mayo Foundation  Primary Raynauds (Cedars-Sinai medical information) Primary Raynauds  X-ray Graphic (radiology from the Scottish Radiology Society) X-ray Graphic  Blood Constriction (Medline Plus good pictures) Blood Constriction  Mayo Foundation (first hand stories) Mayo Foundation  Primary Raynauds (Cedars-Sinai medical information) Primary Raynauds