1. Linking physical habitat characteristics to Chinook spawning distribution in the Yakima River Jeremy Cram 1, Christian Torgersen 2, Ryan Klett 1, George Pess 3, Andrew Dittman 3, Darran May 3 1. University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 2. U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 3. NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA

2. www.usgs.gov

3. Yakima River Habitat degradation: –Dams and irrigation canals –Bank armoring –High temperatures in downstream reaches –Invasive species Restoration action: –Supplementation in 1997 –Acclimation facilities to extend spawning distribution

4. Study Area

5. Objectives Develop and evaluate extensive survey methods for lotic habitat and fishes Relate physical habitat to spawning site selection and homing by wild- and hatchery-origin salmon Link community structure of resident fishes to habitats associated with salmon spawning distribution

6. Methods Extensive habitat and snorkel survey (2007) Intensive survey (2008) Carcass and redd surveys (2002 – 2008) Depth and temperature profiling (2009)

7. Channel type (1,2,3) Unit type ( PO,GP,GR, RI ) Channel width Depth Substrate Cover Wood Fish abundance 125 m 140 km mainstem 20 km side channel Survey summary flow Extensive survey September 2007

8. Gradient Temperature Conductivity Velocity 125 m 82 sites.35 km 2 Survey summary flow Intensive survey September – October 2008

9. Surveys conducted by Yakama Nation and NOAA Fisheries –GPS location –Origin (CWT) –Gender –Age class –Length 125 m flow 2007 Redds 2002- 2008 Redds Carcass and redd surveys (2002 – 2008)

10. Near-bottom depth and temperature logged every 2 seconds Merged with GPS tracklog based on time stamp 125 m flow 2009 (winter) – temperature and depth profiling

11. Preliminary results Extensive habitat and snorkel survey (2007) Intensive survey (2008) Carcass and redd surveys (2002 – 2008) Depth and temperature profiling (2009)

12. 1 km Distance upstream (km) Density (hatchery female carcasses/km) Density (wild female carcasses/km) 4 km2 km

13. Density (side channels/km) Density (redds/km) Distance upstream (km) 1 km2 km4 km

14. Distance upstream (km) % Gravel % Poor substrates Density (redds/km) 1 km2 km4 km Acclimation site Boulder Fines Bedrock

15. 1 km2 km4 km Density (redds/km) Density (rainbow trout/km) Distance upstream (km)

16. 16 redds in 2007/8 15:30:0015:32:30

17. 16 redds in 2007 & 2008

18. (25 %) (16 %)

19. Preliminary conclusions Hatchery- and wild-origin Chinook have similar spawning distributions at scales ≥ 1km The influence of habitat factors on spawning site selection depends on spatial scale Redd density is correlated with rainbow trout distribution at broad scales (4 km)

20. Acknowledgments Logistics and GIS: Darran May, Hiroo Imaki, Ethan Welty, John Vaccaro, Patricia Haggerty Housing and support: everyone at the Cle Elum supplementation and research facility Funding: NOAA BiOP, The Water Center Photography: Ethan Welty Aerial photos: NAIP – Allyson Jason LiDAR – Robert Hilldale

21. What’s next? Data analysis –Extensive –Intensive –Temperature/depth profile –Redd/carcass distribution –Lidar

22. Density (redds/km) % cover Mean wet width (m) 1 km2 km4 km Distance upstream (km)

23. Background Acclimation site Hatchery Cle Elum R. Teanaway R. Density (redds/km) Distance upstream (km) Redds 2007