1. CTD - Salinity and Temperature at Depth Jonathan Walter University of North Carolina at Wilmington CHM 576 2009 Jonathan Walter University of North Carolina at Wilmington CHM 576 2009

2. Cruise Sampling Sites and Dates  M18  M23  M35  M42  M54  M61  Horseshoe Bend(HB)  M18  M23  M35  M42  M54  M61  Horseshoe Bend(HB) G Cruise 1 G Sept 14 2009 G Cruise 2 G Oct 26 2009

3. CTD- Measures:  Depth  Salinity  Temperature  pH  O 2 Saturation  Time  Depth  Salinity  Temperature  pH  O 2 Saturation  Time http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/wbts/hydro/deployCTD2.JPG Instrument: Seabird SBE 25 w/External Probes SBE 32 H2o Bottle Carousel & SBE 33 Real Time Deck Unit

4. Measurements  Salinity is measured through conductivity of the water.  Temperature is measured through resistance (changes with temperature).  Depth is measured through a pressure sensor (1 decibar is roughly equal to 1 meter depth).  Salinity is measured through conductivity of the water.  Temperature is measured through resistance (changes with temperature).  Depth is measured through a pressure sensor (1 decibar is roughly equal to 1 meter depth).

5. Cruise 1: Sept, 14 2009

6. Cruise 2: Oct, 26 2009

7. Cruise 1 Salinity: Comparing 2009 and 2008

8. Cruise 1 Temperature: Comparing 2009 and 2008

9. Cruise 2 Salinity: Comparing 2009 and 2008

10. Cruise 2 Temperature: Comparing 2009 and 2008

11. Cruise 1 Salinity Data

12. Cruise 2 Salinity Data

13. Cruise 1 Temperature Data

14. Cruise 2 Temperature Data

15. Cruise 1 Salinity

16. Cruise 2 Salinity

17. Conclusions  Deeper waters have higher salinity  Salt water is denser, thus deeper  Cruise 1 we see relatively similar temperatures, slightly cooler near HB.  Cruise 2 we saw cold river water meet warmer ocean water.  Cruise 1 we saw well mixed surface to deep salinity. Slight salt wedge at M35.  Cruise 2 we see a salt wedge, warm salt water meeting cold fresh water between M35 and M54  Deeper waters have higher salinity  Salt water is denser, thus deeper  Cruise 1 we see relatively similar temperatures, slightly cooler near HB.  Cruise 2 we saw cold river water meet warmer ocean water.  Cruise 1 we saw well mixed surface to deep salinity. Slight salt wedge at M35.  Cruise 2 we see a salt wedge, warm salt water meeting cold fresh water between M35 and M54