1. 1. In order to avoid hell, one had to do good works, believe in Christ, and……? 2. What is the difference between excommunication and interdict? 3. This law was based on religious teachings, governed many aspects of life, including wills, marriages, and morals. 4. Which pope outlawed marriage for Priests? 5. Who founded the Franciscan order of Priests?

2.  Jewish communities all across Europe  Most groups were very tolerant  Any illness or famine, Christians often blamed Jews  Anti-Semitism – Prejudice against the Jews

4.  Iron Plows  Use of Horses

5.  Rotating Crops  Three Field System ▪ Grain ▪ Legumes (peas & beans) ▪ Unplanted

6.  Less feudal wars = more opportunity to travel and trade

7.  Settlements grew with trade system  Protect their interests  Charter ▪ Document set out the rights and privileges of the town ▪ In return they paid the king a large sum of money

8.  Need for capitol (money) for investments  Credit was extended  Groups of merchants joined partnerships  Insurance

9.  Use of money undermined serfdom  By 1300, most peasants were tenant farmers (paid rent), or hired farm laborers