1. Listening

2.  The term communication implies a minimum of two people  One to create a meaningful message and one to recreate that message  The listening context, setting or social situation is really important in helping us to work out the meaning and interpret what we hear.  Who and where are the people? How are they communicating?

3.  Listening is an essential skill for communication  It is necessary to understand what we hear in order o keep a conversation with someone or to express opinions about something  Communicating in real-language situations, listening occupies an important position  To communicate with native speakers, sts must first learn to understand enough in real language situations

4.  Ability to follow the general trend of what is said (background knowledge)  Ability to understand specific details  Ability to understand the speaker’s intention (why did he/she say that?)  Ability to understand the speaker’s attitude (how did he/she felt?)  Ability to understand and confirm expectations (students can make guesses about what they are going to hear.) p.190-191

5.  Listening is not a ‘passive” skill but a “receptive” skill.  It requires as much attention and mental activity as speaking  Listening to get general overview of the main story or message  Listening to catch specific details such as names, numbers, addresses, etc.

6.  Discrimination: Ability to distinguish all the sounds, intonation patterns and voice qualities in the second language and to discriminate between them and similar sounds in the native tongue.  Perception: With maximum concentration the perception of an entire message produced by a speaker  Auditory memory: Ability to hold that message in one’s auditory memory until it can be processed  Comprehension: The listener processes what the speaker has said to comprehend the meaning

7.  The process of recreating meaning continues in a series of expectations, predictions, samples and verifications until the entire message is understood.

8.  What is the purpose of the task?  What listening skills will be practiced? Is the task suitable for the learners’ level?  What language do students need in order to do the task (key vocabulary)?  How can I create interest in the listening text?

9. Three main stages in a listening skills lesson  PRE-LISTENING  (WHILE) LISTENING  POST-LISTENING