1. RATIONALES – CAUSE AND EFFECT The natural benefits or the natural positive consequences a youth may receive from engaging in an appropriate behavior or not engaging in an inappropriate behavior. The natural benefits or the natural positive consequences a youth may receive from engaging in an appropriate behavior or not engaging in an inappropriate behavior. The harms or natural negative consequences a youth may experience by engaging in an inappropriate behavior or by not engaging in an appropriate behavior. The harms or natural negative consequences a youth may experience by engaging in an inappropriate behavior or by not engaging in an appropriate behavior. Basically, what the outcome will be or the effects of one’s behavior. Basically, what the outcome will be or the effects of one’s behavior.

2. RATIONALES TEACH TEACH Help youth learn the important relationship between their behavior and the various consequences which may PREFERREDBEHAVIOR PREFERREDBEHAVIOR Youth prefer parents whose disciplinary actions are accompanied by “rational” explanations. COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE Youth are more likely to comply with their parents’ requests if the parents provide explanations for their rules and requests. DECISIONMAKING DECISIONMAKING Youth whose parents provide rationales for rules and requests are more likely to be confident in their own ideas and opinions (independent decision-making). FAIRNESS FAIRNESS Parents are perceived as pleasant, fair, and concerned if they use rationales. This will help parents to be more effective and better liked.

3. USE RATIONALES Teaching new skills Teaching new skills Reinforcing appropriate behavior Reinforcing appropriate behavior -Effective praise -Effective praise -Teaching interactions -Teaching interactions During counseling During counseling Family Meeting Family Meeting When correcting inappropriate behavior When correcting inappropriate behavior In general conversation In general conversation

4. IN GIVING RATIONALES Use natural consequences and real life experiences Use natural consequences and real life experiences Make it personal to the youth Make it personal to the youth Be specific and brief (no lectures) Be specific and brief (no lectures) Make it short term and believable Make it short term and believable Use rationales to teach concern for others Use rationales to teach concern for others

5. AVOID Using rules Using rules Using privileges Using privileges Lecturing Lecturing Thinking a good rationale will change behavior Thinking a good rationale will change behavior Arguing about a rationale Arguing about a rationale

6. RATIONALES RATIONALES Specific natural consequences (positive and negative) Specific natural consequences (positive and negative) Personal to youth Personal to youth Brief (avoids lecturing) Brief (avoids lecturing) Convincing and believable (short term) Convincing and believable (short term) Rationale relates to teaching concern for others Rationale relates to teaching concern for others

7. QUALITY COMPONENTS Empathy Empathy Voice tone Voice tone Proximity and physical contact Proximity and physical contact Praise Praise

8. RATIONALES 1. It is important to learn to follow instructions because 2. Smoking in school is inappropriate because 1. It is important to learn to follow instructions because 2. Smoking in school is inappropriate because 3. If you use good table manners 3. If you use good table manners 4. It is important to be on time for church because 4. It is important to be on time for church because 5. You need to learn to save money because 5. You need to learn to save money because 6. If you keep your room clean 6. If you keep your room clean 7. It is important to be home on time after the movie because 7. It is important to be home on time after the movie because 8. If you learn to share 8. If you learn to share 9. It is important to participate in family conferences 9. It is important to participate in family conferences 10. If you help with the chores around the house 10. If you help with the chores around the house

9. more rationales….. 11. It is important to tell us if you see one of the guys doing something wrong because 11. It is important to tell us if you see one of the guys doing something wrong because 12. If you participate in class at school 12. If you participate in class at school 13. If you volunteer around the house 13. If you volunteer around the house 14. If you drink alcohol 14. If you drink alcohol 15. If you swear at a police officer 15. If you swear at a police officer 16. If you try to make a new guy feel welcome and comfortable 16. If you try to make a new guy feel welcome and comfortable 17. If you get good grades in school 17. If you get good grades in school 18. If you get caught shoplifting 18. If you get caught shoplifting 19. If you use good conversational skills 19. If you use good conversational skills 20. If you can accept negative consequences appropriately 20. If you can accept negative consequences appropriately