1. Understand physical development
PCD
Objective 4.01
Understand physical development
& care of the infant
(Birth-1 year old)

2. Never in a person’s lifetime will there be more rapid growth &
physical changes than during infancy.

3. Infancy
The period between birth and one year.

4. Development Increase in the following: Physical Skills
Cognitive (Intellectual) Skills
Emotional Skills
Social Skills
Flowers will grow when water/fed… babies will grow if loved, nurtured and fed!!!

5. Can you tell which area of development is shown?
PHYSICAL

6. Okay, so which one is this?
Social

7. And this????
Emotional

8. Last one….
Cognitive

9. Patterns of Development

10. Patterns of physical development
Head to Foot
Babies develop control of head and neck muscles first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet
Head and neck
then
Legs and feet

11. Patterns of physical development
Near to Far
Development begins at the trunk of the body and moves outward to hands and feet
Trunk/body
Hands and feet
Trunk grows first then leaves….body develops first then hands and feet

12. Patterns of physical development
Simple to Complex
Large muscle development takes place first leading to more fine muscle and complex abilities later
Large
then
small
muscles

13. Growth

14. Physical Facts about Infants
Vision
Length
Blurry at birth
20 inches long

15. Weight (Wt.) Infant gains 1-2 lbs per month in the first six months
Wt. gain is one of the best signs of good health
Growth is related to good eating habits and excerise
Most babies lose about 10% of their birth wt. in the 1st 5 days of life
Afterward, they gain wt. rapidly
Gain 1-2 pounds (lbs) per month in the 1st 6 months
Gain 1 lb per month in the next 6 months
Average wt. of a 1 yr. old is lbs.

16. Length Measure lying down
Measure length instead of height because they are lying down
Average baby is 20 inches long at birth
Boys are slightly longer than girls
Average baby at 1 yr. is 30 inches long

17. Body shape:
Infants hold themselves in a tightly secured position with fists clenched
Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen
Navel cord usually falls off in 3 wks.
Body straightens out during the 1st 6 mths.

18. Proportion Size relationship between different parts of the body
Baby’s head and abdomen are large, and the legs and arms are short and small

19. Fontanels Open space in babies skull Allows for brain growth
Usually close up by age 2

20. Infants and their 5 Senses

21. A stimulating environment
Draw symbols to represent each of the five senses as you take notes.
Baby has a wide variety of things to:
See
Taste
Smell
Hear
Touch

22. Vision - Seeing Improves rapidly during the 1st yr. Blurry at birth
within week or so, infant is aware of surroundings
By 1 mth.
infant can focus on objects as faraway as 3 feet
an infant can not focus on objects across a room
By 6 mths.
eyesight reaches the sharpness of adult vision
Child sees two-dimensionally (see object flat) 1st and then develops depth perception (three-dimensional)
Distance awareness

23. Vision Two-dimensional Three-dimensional seeing an object flat
see all sides of an object

24. Hearing Develops before birth Can tell the direction of sound
Language develops with hearing spoken words

25. Touch
Babies rely on touch of others to teach them about the environment
For exploration (discovery)
Becomes a more important sense for learning as year progresses
They will pick up and explore different things such as toys

26. Smell & Taste Develop after birth
Within 10 days they can distinguish their mother from any other person by smell
Two-week old babies can taste the difference between water, sour, sugar, and salt, and milk

27. Voice
Their voice is shrill (sharp, harsh), but softens as lungs mature
Change in the voice results from physical growth of the
throat muscles
Tongue
Lips
Teeth
Vocal Cords
Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during the first months of life leads to speech development

28. Motor Skills

29. Motor Skills At birth babies have little control over their muscles
Gross motor skills develop 1st
Large muscles
Arms
Legs
Fine motor skills
Small muscles
Hands
Fingers

30. Use Handout
“Know Your Reflexes”
Appendix 4.01D

31. Reflexes
Occurring automatically and involuntarily as a result of the nervous system’s reaction to a stimulus

32. Reflexes
At birth
Automatic set of reflexes to help them survive

33. Grasp
Makes a fist over object placed in hand

34. Rooting When cheek is stroked
Baby turns toward the side stroked with open mouth

35. Startle
When baby’s position changes quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out and arches back

36. Babinski
Occurs when baby’s foot is stroked and the toes fan out and foot twists in

37. Sucking
Occurs when something is put in a baby’s mouth

38. Physical Care of an Infant

39. Handling ALWAYS Support head/neck
CPSC to Warn of Deadly Baby Sling Dangers
CBS Early Show

40. Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding
Mother will need to decide which one
Breastfeeding is free & more nutritious
Bottle feeding can be done by anybody anywhere, but is very expensive
Burp/get air out of lungs after baby eats
Warning: What mom eats – Baby eats
When baby seems ready for solid foods, make sure you introduction one at a time.
This way you can determine if baby is allergic to that food.

41. Teeth Will appear during their first year
Teething will hurt, may cry and need numbing medicine
See Dr. for advice
Take good care of your babies teeth and gums
Brush gums with warm, wet wash cloth

42. Bathing
Sponge bath
Before naval heals
Tub bath
After naval heals

43. Dressing Dress babies comfortably Weather/climate appropriate
Keep baby from being cold while dressing and undressing
They don’t need too many layers of clothing, they tend to get hot easy.

44. Newborns will need to be changed 10+ times a day
Diapering
Decide whether to use:
Disposable diapers
(Expensive, easier)
Cloth diapers
(FREE, but messier)
Newborns will need to be changed 10+ times a day
If diaper rash occurs – change baby more often and apply diaper rash ointment

46. Sleeping Need to establish a Routine Proper position
Back to sleep
Tummy to play
Science experiment

49. Medical care Wellness checkups
Make sure baby goes to their regular Dr. visits
Will need to get shots, etc.

50. Wellness checkup
Routine visits to the doctor to maintain good health

51. Which illustrates the early pattern of physical development near to far?
An infant can crawl across the floor for a toy.
An infant can lift his head before he sits up.
And infant can lift up the leg and wiggle his toes.
An infant can reach out for his mother with both arms.
(B)

52. The infant’s head was much bigger than the rest of his body
The infant’s head was much bigger than the rest of his body. What category of growth during the first year is this?
Body shape
Proportion
Vision
Weight
(B)

53. Which is correct about infant physical development?
Eating and exercising are not necessary for the health of an infant.
Infants are too young to be stimulated by going places with parents.
Infants can be stimulated by going places with parents.
Select toys for infants that teach them to press keys.
(C)