2. The American Constitution: The American Constitution and the Party System

3. September 24, 2010 Turn in your Fed/Anti-Fed. Brochures !!!!!!!! Objective: To understand the Foundations and Principles of the Constitution and the System of Checks and Balances.  Quote: All men having power ought to be distrusted to a certain degree. James Madison, speech at the Constitutional Convention, July 11, 1787.

4. The Great Debate  Constitution continued debate within the states over states’ rights, individual rights, and functional organization  Broke United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists

5. The Birth of Political Parties: The Players Federalists Alexander Hamilton  Beliefs in Government –Rule by rich and well educated –New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers –Strong central government with a strong president –Favored industry –Wanted strong alliance with Britain –Centralized banking and create debt spending –Cynical –Loose interpretation of the Constitution  The North Anti-Federalists Thomas Jefferson  Beliefs in Government –Rule by everybody –New government should favor farmers, artisans, and poor classes –Weak central government, power given to the states to reflect individual interests –Favored agriculture and farming –Wanted strong alliance with France –Low taxes, small tariffs –Idealistic –Strict interpretation of the Constitution  The South

6. Match the quote with the Party: Federalist or Anti-Fed? 1. “Your people, sir, are beasts…Take mankind in general, they are vicious.” 2. “The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves.” 3. “Rich should be in charge, because they can’t be bribed.” 4. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” 5. “All societies need a governing class.” 6. “All men are created equal.”

7. Who are you? Consider the times and these beliefs: What political party would you support? The Federalists or the Anti-Federalists? Explain your answer.

8. Political Vocabulary  Ratify: To agree to, To sign  Amend: To add to  Veto: To refuse to sign  Bill: Proposed law  Suffrage: Right to vote  Bicameral: Two house congress  Impeachment: Process of trial of a governmental official for accused wrong doing  Cabinet: Advisors to the President

9. The Principles of the United States Constitution

10. I. Popular Sovereignty  The people hold the ultimate authority –A representative democracy lets the people elect leaders to make decisions for them. Sen. Patty Murray (D), Sen. Maria Cantwell (D) and Rep. Adam Smith (D) are our elected officials in Congress

11. II. Limited Government  Framers wanted to guard against tyranny –Government is limited to the power given them in the Constitution. –The Constitution tells how leaders who overstep their power can be removed

12. III. Federalism  The division of power between State and National Governments –Some powers are shared (i.e. power to tax) –The National Government has the “supreme power”  Challenges to federalism: –Same sex marriage (why?) –Medicinal Marijuana (why?) –Others?

13. IV. Separation of Powers  No one branch holds “too much” power –Legislative branch makes the laws –Executive branch carries out the laws –Judicial branch interprets the laws

14. Final 5  Give an example of Separation of Powers in our government.

15. September 27, 2010  No first 5  Objectives: To rock the Chapter 2 Test!  To finish notes on the Principles of the Constitution  Take 7 mins to study.

16. The American Constitution  Constitution divided into two parts –Articles--rights of government (7 Articles) –Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments)

17. Government and Man  Articles I-III –Separates power into three branches of government –Art. I-Leg.; Art. II- Exec.; Art. III-Judic.  Articles IV-VII –Power of Law –Power of Constitution  Amendments I-X –Bill of Rights  Amendment XI-XII –Organization of Government  Amendment XIII-XV –Civil Rights Amendments –Slave Amendments  Amendments XVI-XIX –Progressive Amendments  Amendments XX-XXI –New Deal Amendments  Amendments XXII-XXVII –Great Society Amendments

18. Article I: The Legislature A.K.A. Congress, The Legislative Branch, The Lawmakers  Bicameral –Upper House=Senate (2 per state, 100 total) 6 year term Led by Speaker of the House –Lower House=House of Representatives (proportional to population, 435 total--CA has 54) 2 year term Led by Speaker of the House –President of Congress=Vice President of the United States of America The U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.

19. Legislative Powers  Make laws  Collect taxes  Borrow and coin money  Establish immigration policy  Declare war and raise armies  Approves treaties  Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc)  ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause) Congress works at the Capitol Building in Washington D.C.

20. Legislative Branch  Senate and House of Representatives make our laws –Appropriate Money –Regulate Immigration –Establish Post Offices and Roads –Regulate Interstate Commerce and Transportation –Declare War

21. How YOU can be a Congress- person!  Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate)  Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state  Have a lot of money for campaign –Be independently wealthy –Have people contribute money/support campaign What would make you run for a political office?

22. How YOU can be a Congress- person!  Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate)  Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state  Have a lot of money for campaign –Be independently wealthy –Have people contribute money/support campaign What would make you run for a political office?

23. Article II: The Executive  A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres.  Term: 4 years, 2 term limit  President  Vice President  Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.)

24. Executive Power  Commander-in-Chief of American military  Execute law, sign/veto law  Make treaties  Appoint judges

25. How YOU can be the Pres.  Be at least 35 years old  Be a natural born citizen  Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years  Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person

26. Executive Branch  The President of the United States –Chief Executive –Chief Legislator/Economic Planner –Chief Diplomat –Commander in Chief –Head of State

27.  Question: What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible and why they are important.  Objectives: To develop an understanding of the Principles of the Constitution. September 28, 2010

28. Article III: The Judicial  A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary  Term: Life  Organization: –Constitution –Supreme Court –Federal Courts –State Courts

29. Judicial Power  Interprets law  Reviews “constitutionality” of laws  Reviews lower court cases  Preserves balance against political parties

30. Interpretation “Loose Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Loose Construction of Constitution” –Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible –People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt –What the Constitution doesn’t say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do  “Federalists” “Liberals” “Strict Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Strict Construction of Constitution” –Constitution should remain the constant –The Constitution must be the measure of social, ethical, and moral change –Government can ONLY do what the Constitution EXPLICITLY says  “Anti-Federalists” “Conservatives”

31. Judicial Branch  Supreme Court and other Federal Courts –Preserve and protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution –Considers cases involving national laws –Declares laws and Acts “unconstitutional”

32. V. Checks and Balances  Prevents the abuse of power in government –Each branch can check each other branch Example: Supreme Court nomination process: President nominates (executive branch checking power of judicial branch) Senate Confirms (legislative branch checking the power of exec. Branch)

33. Executive Checks  Propose laws to Congress  Veto laws made by Congress  Negotiate foreign treaties  Appoint federal judges  Grant pardons to federal offenders

34. Legislative Checks  Override president’s veto  Ratify treaties  Confirm executive appointments  Impeach federal officers and judges  Create and dissolve lower federal courts

35. Judicial Checks  Declare executive acts unconstitutional  Declare laws unconstitutional  Declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

36. VI. Judicial Review  The Supreme Court holds the final check The court has the power to strike down laws, to overturn executive acts, or order a public official to act in a certain manner if it believes the law or act to be unconstitutional.

37. Final 5  Which of the six principles do you feel is most important? Why? Explain you answer in a complete sentence.

38. Review: 6 Principles of the Constitution Review: 6 Principles of the Constitution Come up with a contemporary example for each principle, then choose one and draw a political cartoon that demonstrates that principle. Cartoon must include humor! DUE on Thursday!!!  1. Popular Sovereignty  2. Limited Government  3. Federalism  4. Separation of Powers  5. Checks and Balances  6. Judicial Review