1. Citizenship Handbook & The U.S. Constitution Citizenship Handbook & The U.S. Constitution Section 1: A Lasting Plan of Government

3. Terms to know 1. Preamble: the first part or introduction of a document. 2. Article: a section of a document. 3. Checks and balances: a system set up in the Constitution where each branch of the government has some authority over the other.

4. Terms to know 4. Amendment: an alteration or a written change to a document. 5. Federalism: a system of government in which power is distributed between national and state governments.

5. 6 Goals of our government as stated in the Preamble… 1. “To form a more perfect union” (to function as a single nation for the benefit of all). 2. “To establish justice” (to make sure all are treated fairly). 3. “To ensure domestic tranquility” (to keep peace among the people).

6. 6 Goals of our government as stated in the Preamble… 4. “To provide for the common defense” (maintain armed forces to protect country and citizens from attack). 5. “To promote the general welfare” (to ensure that citizens will be free from poverty, hunger, and disease). 6. “To secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and to our posterity” (to guarantee that NO American’s basic rights will be taken away now or in the future).

7. Articles Following the Preamble, the Constitution is broken into seven parts, or articles. The founders saw the Constitution as a contract between people and their government. The first three articles describe the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of government.

8. Article I Article I states that a Congress made up of two houses, Senate and the House of Representatives

9. Article I Powers of Congress:  Power to tax  Power to regulate trade  Power to coin money  Power to declare war

10. Article II Article II deals with the Executive branch and provides for a President and Vice President to carry out the duties of this branch. It explains how these two leaders are to be chosen and it also lists powers of the U.S. President.

11. Article II U.S. President’s powers include:  Power to command armed forces  Power to make treaties with other nations  Power to pardon criminals  Power to appoint certain government officials

12. Article III Article III gives the judicial powers of government to a Supreme Court and other federal courts. U.S. President appoints the judges of these courts. These judges serve for life, or according to the Constitution, “during good behavior.”

13. Article III Article III states that federal courts will have the power to judge “ all cases…arising under the Constitution ” This allows the Supreme Court to prevent the other two branches from violating the Constitution

14. Articles IV - VII Article IV : explains the relationship between the states and the national government. Article V : explains how the constitution can be changed. Article VI : explains general provisions about the government. Article VII : states that Constitution will go into effect after nine states ratify it

15. Bill of Rights The first 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. 1 st Amendment: Freedom of speech, religion, the press, assembly and to petition the government.

16. Bill of Rights 2 nd Amendment: The right to bear arms. 3 rd Amendment: No quartering or housing of soldiers during times of peace or war. 4 th Amendment: No unreasonable searches and seizures.

18. Bill of Rights 5 th Amendment:   No one can be tried for a serious crime unless indicted (accused) by a grand jury.   No one can be forced to testify against herself or himself.   No one can be punished without due process of law.   No one can be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)   People must be paid for property taken for public use (eminent domain)

20. Bill of Rights 6 th Amendment: People have a right to a speedy trial, to legal counsel, and to confront their accusers. 7 th Amendment: 7 th Amendment: People have the right to a jury trial in civil suits exceeding $20.

21. Bill of Rights 8th Amendment: Protection against excessive bail (money to release a person from jail), stiff fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

22. Bill of Rights 9 th Amendment: Because there are so many basic human rights, not all of them could be listed in the Constitution. This amendment means that the rights that are enumerated cannot infringe upon rights that are not listed in the Constitution.

23. Bill of Rights 10 th Amendment: Powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution belong to the states or the people. Example: Common Core (state)

24. Citizenship Handbook & The U.S. Constitution Section 2: Five Principles of the Constitution

25. Five Principals of the Constitution   Popular Sovereignty   Limited Government   Federalism   Separation of Powers   Checks and Balances

26. 1. Popular Sovereignty Declaration of Independence says government gets its power from the “consent of the governed.” Sovereignty = “authority” Popular = “of the people”

27. 2. Limited Government Limited government means that… … a government that “does NOT have absolute authority.”

28. 3. Federalism Federalism is the division of powers between the “national” government and the “state” government. Note: in any conflict between the national and state laws, the national law has the higher authority.

30. 4. Separation of Powers To prevent the national government from abusing its power, framers of the Constitution divided it into 3 branches: Legislative, Executive, & Judicial branches

31. Branches of Government

32. 5. Checks and Balances The main goal of setting up system of Checks and Balances is to allow each branch of government (legislative, executive, judicial) to check or limit the power of the other branches.

33. Terms to know 1. 1. Liberty: freedom of the people to live as they choose. 2. 2. Popular sovereignty: the belief that people should have the right to rule themselves.

34. Terms to know 3. Representative democracy: government in which people elect leaders or officials to make decisions for them. 4. Electoral college: representatives of voters in each state who select the President and the Vice President.

35. Terms to know 5. Tyranny: cruel and unjust rule. 6. Veto: action in which an executive rejects a bill submitted by a legislature.

36. 3 Types of Power Delegated powers: powers that belong to the federal government Reserved powers: powers that belong to the states. Concurrent powers: shared powers of both the federal and states

37. Citizenship Handbook & The U.S. Constitution Section 3: Government in Action

38. Terms to know 1. Precedent: a model to be used as a guide for future actions. 2. Bureaucracy: an organization of government workers.

39. Terms to know 3. Diplomacy: relations with foreign countries. 4. Impeach: to bring formal charges against a federal or state public official with the intent of removing the official from office.

40. Elastic Clause Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 is known as the “elastic clause, or necessary and proper clause” given to Congress. Basically, it says that Congress has a lot of freedom to act. As a result, many laws have been passed since 1787.

41. Commerce Clause Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 says that Congress has the power to “regulate Commerce with foreign nations, and among several states.” This clause has been used in different ways including the banning of discrimination, or unfair treatment, of different races.

42. Judicial Review This is the power of the Supreme Court to review government acts and possibly declare them unconstitutional.

43. Roles of the President As defined by the Constitution, the president has 4 main duties: 1. Chief Executive: manages the government by carrying out its laws.

44. Roles of the President 2. Chief of State: directs national diplomacy or relations with foreign countries.

45. Roles of the President 3. Commander in Chief: serves as the highest ranking officer in the armed forces.

46. Roles of the President 4. Chief legislator: influences the passage of laws in two ways: 1) Suggests laws to Congress for passage or… 2) Can use “veto” power to prevent a law from passage

47. Citizenship Handbook & The U.S. Constitution Section 4: Duties & Responsibilities of Citizens

48. Terms to know 1. Duties : tasks that citizens are required by law to perform. 2. Responsibilities: tasks that citizens are expected to perform. 3. Tolerance: the acceptance of different beliefs.

49. Duties  Obey laws: (example: obey traffic laws)  Pay taxes: (7% state sales tax)  Defend the nation: (draft for men)  Serve in court: (jury duty)  Attend school: (drop out age 17)

50. Responsibilities (things that we as citizens should do)  Be informed: (know what the government is doing, example, effective July 1, 2015, car inspection stickers are no longer required for vehicle owners)  Vote: (voters choose the officials to run the government)  Participate in Government: (volunteer to help out your community)

51. Responsibilities (things that we as citizens should do)  Respect rights of others : (not being a loud neighbor or writing on desks) (not being a loud neighbor or writing on desks)  Respect diversity : (respecting and accepting others regardless of their background, beliefs, and/or practices)