1. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER Introduction to Medical Language 1

2. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Learning Outcomes 1-2 After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 1.1Summarize the purpose of medical language. 1.2Summarize the origins of medical language. 1.3Summarize the principles of medical language. 1.4Summarize how to pronounce terms associated with medical language.

3. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Learning Outcomes 1.5Identify the parts used to build medical language. 1.6Summarize how to put together medical terms. 1.7Describe how medical terms are translated. 1-3

4. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.1 The Purpose of Medical Language Medical language allows health care professionals to: –be clear –communicate quickly –provide comfort to patients 1-4

5. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.2 The Origins of Medical Language Medical language comes mostly from two ancient languages: –Greek –Latin Other word sources –eponyms Loop of Henle Alzheimer disease –acronyms MRI 1-5

6. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.2 The Origins of Medical Language Modern languages –German –French –English 1-6

7. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.3 The Principles of Medical Language Do more than memorize the words Be able to break down and understand words 1-7

8. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.4 How to Pronounce Terms Associated with Medical Language 1-8 First step in learning any language is learning correct pronunciation Syllable emphasis –Place emphasis on the correct syllable –The pronunciation guide show you where the emphasis is placed by ALL CAPS cut is pronounced as (CUT) genetic is pronounced as (jeh-NEH-tik) What word is pronounced as (noo-MOHN-yah)?

9. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.4 How to Pronounce Terms Associated with Medical Language Names for the various syllables in a word Usually, focus on the last three syllables: –ultima – the last syllable –penult – the almost-last syllable –antepenult – the one that is just before the penult 1-9

10. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.4 How to Pronounce Terms Associated with Medical Language The emphasis usually falls on the third-to-last syllable (the antepenult) Term: cardiac Divide into syllables: car/di/ac Pronounced as: KAR/dee/ak Term: cardiology Divide into syllables: car/di/o/lo/gy Pronounced as: kar/dee/AW/loh/jee 1-10

11. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Medical terms are constructed by a combination of root, suffix, and often a prefix –root – –suffix – –prefix – 1-11

12. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Common roots –Function like nouns in the language of medicine –Are often followed by a combining vowel Arthr/o Cardi/o Enter/o –Some meanings have more than one root Hem/o and hemat/o both mean blood –Root words with same meaning can be spelled quite differently: angi/o, vas/o, and vascul/o all mean vessel 1-12

13. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language General purpose roots 1-13

14. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Common suffixes –Simple suffixes Adjective – often mean pertaining to Noun – turn the root into a noun Diminutive – transform a term’s meaning to a smaller version 1-14

15. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Adjective 1-15

16. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Noun 1-16

17. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Diminutive 1-17

18. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Complex suffixes are formed with other suffixes, roots, and prefixes The suffix –tomy is formed by the combination of two word parts -y is a suffix meaning process tom/o is a root meaning to cut -tomy is a suffix meaning a cutting procedure What word parts make up the suffix –ectomy? What does –ectomy mean? 1-18

19. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Complex suffixes –Combinations of suffixes specialist-ist study of -logy specialist in the study of-logist –Categories of complex suffixes: Professional terms Symptoms, diseases, or conditions Tests and treatments performed by healthcare professionals 1-19

20. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Complex suffixes that are professional terms: 1-20

21. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Suffixes that describe symptoms, diseases, and conditions: 1-21

22. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Suffixes that describe symptoms, diseases, and conditions (cont.): 1-22

23. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Suffixes that mean tests: 1-23

24. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Complex suffixes that mean treatments: 1-24

25. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Singulars and plurals –Add “s” –Singular words are also made plural in other ways 1-25

26. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Prefix – Categories –Negation prefixes –Time or speed prefixes –Direction or position prefixes –Size or quantity prefixes –General prefixes 1-26

27. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Negation prefixes: 1-27

28. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Time or speed prefixes: 1-28

29. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Direction or position prefixes: 1-29

30. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Direction or position prefixes (cont.): 1-30 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

31. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language Size or quantity prefixes: 1-31

32. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.5 Parts Used to Build Medical Language General prefixes: 1-32

33. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.6 How to Put Together Medical Terms The combining vowel is added to more easily combine the root with other word parts The combining form is the root + the combining vowel The letter “o” is the most common combining vowel study of the heart: cardiology root: cardi combining vowel: o suffix:logy 1-33

34. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.6 How to Put Together Medical Terms Combining vowels are used to: –Join a root to any suffix beginning with a consonant –Join two roots together –Joint two roots together even when the second root begins with a vowel 1-34

35. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.6 How to Put Together Medical Terms Do not use a combining vowel when the suffix begins with a vowel For example, inflammation of the liver: root for liver hepat/o suffix for inflammation -itis hepatitis 1-35

36. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.7 How Medical Terms Are Translated When reading the word: –Suffix first –Then prefix (if there is one) –Then root or roots How to translate: 1.Read the word 2.Say the word out loud 3.Break the word into parts (suffix, root, prefix) 4.Translate the parts 5.Reassemble the pieces into a statement 1-36

37. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1.7 How Medical Terms Are Translated Translating bradycardia: 1.Read the word: bradycardia 2.Say the word: bray/dee/KAR/dee/a 3.Break the word into parts: brady/card/ia 4.Translate the parts in order: suffix: -ia means condition prefix: brady- means slow root: card means heart (rate) 5.Definition: condition of slow heart rate 1-37

38. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Summary: Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1.1Summarize the purpose of medical language. 1.2Summarize the origins of medical language. 1.3Summarize the principles of medical language. 1.4Summarize how to pronounce terms associated with medical language. 1-38

39. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Summary: Learning Outcomes 1.5Identify the parts used to build medical language. 1.6Summarize how to put together medical terms. 1.7Describe how medical terms are translated. 1-39