1. Skeletal System Functions
Support: bones help support and provide shape to the body
Protection: provides protection to internal organs
Mineral storage: calcium and phosphorus make bones strong and help with oxygen
Hemopoiesis: blood cell formation that occurs in the red bone marrow

2. Cont. Pronation-turn downward or backward
Movement: anchors muscle and helps move limbs
Pronation-turn downward or backward
Supination- to turn forward or upward
Flexion- decreases the angle between two bones
Extension-increasing the angle between two bones

3. Rotation-movement around one central axis
Abduction-movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction-toward the midline
Circumduction- circular movement at a joint

5. Skeletal System Disorders
Arthritis: inflammation of the joints
2 types
Osteoarthritis- most common joint disorder, cause from aging wear and tear, symptoms are joint stiffness, tenderness, swelling, Rx is medication, lifestyle changes

6. Skeletal System Disorders
Rheumatoid arthritis- symptoms are stiffness, joint pain and loss of ROM, cause is unknown, Rx is to alleviate symptoms

7. Skeletal System Disorders
Gout: type of arthritis from high uric acid in joints
Symptoms- starts in big toes, throbbing pain, swelling, tender, red
Cause- uric acid build up (diabetes, obesity, kidney disease)
Rx-ibuprofen, steroids, medication to reduce uric acid

8. Skeletal System Disorders
Osteoporosis: bones become weak and fragile, porous
Cause: low calcium, estrogen, steroid use
Rx: calcium, meds to make bone stronger, lifestyle changes,
Symp: pain, shrinking, easy breaks

9. Skeletal System Disorders
Rickets is softening and weakening of the bones
Symp: bone pain, tenderness, teeth deformaties
Cause: vitamin D defeciency
Rx- replace vitamin D, eat oranges

10. Skeletal System Disorders
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
KYPHOSIS – humped curvature in the thoracic area of the spine “hunchback”
LORDOSIS – exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum ”swayback”
SCOLIOSIS – side to side or lateral curvature of the spine

11. Skeletal System Disorders
Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

12. Skeletal System Disorders
Trauma's
Dislocation: bone is displaced from its proper position in a joint
Strain: overstretching or tearing of a muscle
Fractures: bone break
Sprain: wrenching of a joint, causing a stretching or tearing of ligaments

13. Fractures
Greenstick: fracture common in children - occurs when the bone is bent and splintered but never completely separates
Simple: bone is broken but no skin is punctured
Comminuted: bone is broken or splintered in many pieces embedded in surrounding tissue
Compound- most serious, broken bone protrudes through skin

14. Fractures

15. Fractures:
Rx:
Open reduction: surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates or screws to hold the bone in alignment
Closed reduction: bone fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast or splint is applied
Traction: pulling force is used to hold the bones in place after a fracture