1. MEDICINE IN MIDDLE AGES
Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARATAŞ
Department of History of Medicine and Ethics

2. Medicine In Middle Ages
500 AD-1500 AD
First period
Second period: Mostly philosophica,
Under influence of ancient medicine
(Greek-Roma cultures)
Christianity appeared as a monotheistic religion in Roman Empire and in 4rd century became a state religion.

3. Jesus / Plague

4. Religion/Disease
Jewish
Christian
Muslim

5. Jesus

7. Medicine In Middle Ages
Caring for the sick people began as a charity in the early Christian world and nuns began to care for the sick in medieval ages. Medicinal plants exist in herb gardens in the monasteries. They were called hortuli.
Early hospitals: After 335 AD.
1145 Montpellier–Holy Ghost Hospital

9. St Helena hospital (330 AD) Rome
Fabiola ( AD) The first Christian community hospital

10. Emperor Constantine

11. Medicine In Middle Ages
Schools of medicine in the Middle Ages Italy (9th century)
Milano
Salerno
Padova
Bologna
Napoli
Montpellier (France)
While religion was very influential at first on these schools,
its influence started to decrease in time and in 1130 practice
of medicine was prohibited for clergymen.

12. There are important differences between the status of priests and Physician
Saint Benedict

13. Physician / Saint Humilitas

14. Padua University

15. Montpellier

16. The four elements

17. Famous physicians
Luca
Pantaleon
Cosmas & Damian

18. cosmas & damian

19. Cosmas and Damian murder

20. Miraculous Healings
Christ performed some miraculous healings, and this is depicted in the iconography of western art. It was believed that cure of the disease was only possible through praying. So patients expected miraculous healings from Christ. In the Christian west in middle ages, they emphasized the salvation of the soul rather than the body.
People believed that Saints had an ability to heal patients and they expected health from different Saints. People who had toothache had to pray Saint Apolanaire, St. Antony was responsibly for curing fevers, St. Roch for plague etc.

23. Saint Lucy

24. Saint Mary

25. Miraculous Healings
Evil could be everywhere and could challenge human beings. Psychiatric patients were believed to be in cooperation with evil and they were burned in public in town centers. Sometimes priests tried to take devil from their body. This called was exorcism and in fact, they applied serious torture procedures to those poor patients.

26. Woman / Devil

28. Medicine In Middle Ages
Monasticism
Monasticism was a part of the Middle Age culture. Following the hermitic tradition of separation from worldly society, monks lived in monasteries.

29. Examination and dissection

30. Student / Dissection

31. Epidemics in the Middle Age
Diseases prevalent
Through the Middle Ages leprosy and plague were important diseases. Leprosy people were stigmatized in western world and separated from the society. In fact, a variety of skin diseases were also identified as leprosy. Epidemics of typhus, smallpox, and other diseases spread with crusaders through the continent. Plague was the most horrible disease and was called as Black Death. Especially plague epidemics influenced societies so deeply. Many people died with this epidemic and those scenes were described place in the Western art later on.

32. Plague

33. Konuyla İlgili SORU/CEVAP
Ortaçağ döneminde İtalya’da bulunan üç ünlü tıp okulu hangileriydi?
Cevap 1: Milano, Salerno, Padova
Soru 2:
Orataçağ döneminde dünyada özellikle etkili olan hastalıklar nelerdi?
Cevap 2: Veba, lepra, çiçek, tifüs

34. References
A. Selim ATAY, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, translation
Tolga GÜVEN, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD ders notları
Ali Haydar BAYAT, Tıp Tarihi
Emine ATABEK, Şefik GÖRKEY, Başlangıcından Rönesansa Kadar Tıp Tarihi
Çağlar Boyu Tıp, Roche Yayınları